Underwater construction 2021
Author: James Murray.
This document is the continuation of the papers from this
company previously indicated. It is designed to provide
Marine Scotland and its consultees with information on
the project to allow them to consider the application for a
new Marine Licence.
Authors:
Byungmo Kim, Jaewon Oh, Cheonhong Min.
Offshore energy sources, such as offshore wind turbines,
are promising alternatives. However, the abnormal climate
is a potential threat to the safety of offshore structures
because construction guidelines cannot embrace climate
outliers. A cosine similarity-based maintenance strategy
may be a possible solution for managing and mitigating
these risks. However, a study reporting its application to
an actual field structure has not yet been reported. Thus,
as an initialstudy, this study investigated whether the
technique is applicable or whether it has limitations in the
real field using an actual example, the Gageocho Ocean
Research Station.
Authors:
Laura Castro-Santos, Maite deCastro, Xurxo Costoya,
Almudena Filgueira-Vizoso, Isabel Lamas-Galdo, Americo
Ribeiro, João M. Dias, and Moncho Gómez-Gesteira.
Wind energy resources are subject to changes in climate,
so the use of wind energy density projections in the near
future is essential to determine the viability and profitability
of wind farms at particular locations. Thus, a step forward
in determining the economic assessment of floating
offshore wind farms was taken by considering current
and near-future wind energy resources in assessing the
main parameters that determine the economic viability
(net present value, internal rate of return, and cost of
energy) of wind farms. This study was carried out along
the Atlantic coast from Brest to Cape St. Vincent.
Authors:
Shaojie Song, Haiyang Lin, Peter Sherman, Xi Yang, Chris
P. Nielsen, Xinyu Chen, & Michael B. McElroy.
Abstract:
The Japanese government has announced a
commitment to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by
2050. It envisages an important role for hydrogen in the
nation’s future energy economy. This paper explores the
possibility that electrolysis fueled by power generated
from offshore wind in China could produce a significant
source for this hydrogen.
Publihed by the US department of energy
Abstract:
The scope of the report covers the status of over 200
global operating offshore wind energy projects through
December 31, 2020, and provides the status of, and
analysis on, a broader global pipeline of projects in various
stages of development. To provide the most up-to-date
discussion of this evolving industry, this report also tracks
the most significant domestic developments and events
from January 1, 2020, through May 31, 2021.
Author: Mohamed Bashir Ali Bashir
This paper discusses and reviews the basic principle
parameters that affect the performance of wind turbines.
An overview presents the introduction and the
background of energy consumption, following the order
of the elaboration of wind turbines, including
mathematical models, categories of wind turbines were
critically discussed. Moreover, it also focuses on materials
that are commonly considered for wind turbine
manufacturing, and the process used to recycle them. The
scale of recycling methods for fiberglass and thermoplastic
is presented in the respective section. Various parameters
that reduce the function of wind turbines are explained in
depth. This review also discusses various environmental
impacts of wind turbines.
Authors:
Wen-Ten Kuo, Zheng-Yun Zhuang
Abstract
This study produced and tested 12 concrete sample types
by varying the water/binder ratio (0.28 and 0.30), the
replacement ratios for fly ash (0%, 10%, and 20%) and
silica fume (0% and 10%), as substitutes for cement, with
ground granulated blast-furnace slag at a fixed proportion
of 30%. The workability of fresh HPC is discussed with
setting time, slump, and V-funnel flow properties. The
hardened mechanical properties of the samples were
tested at 1, 7, 28, 56, and 91 days, and durability tests
were performed at 28, 56, and 91 days.
Authors:
Daniel Coles, Athanasios Angeloudis, Deborah Greaves,
Gordon Hastie, Matthew Lewis, Lucas Mackie, James
McNaughton, Jon Miles, Simon Neill, Matthew Piggott,
Denise Risch, Beth Scott, Carol Sparling, Tim Stallard,
Philipp Thies, Stuart Walker, David White, Richard Willden,
and Benjamin Williamson.
This review provides a critical, multi-faceted assessment of
the practical contribution of tidal stream energy to the UK
and British Channel Islands' future energy mix. Evidence is
presented that broadly supports the latest national-scale
practical resource estimate of 34 TWh/year, equivalent to
11% of the UK's current annual electricity demand. The
size of the practical resource depends in part on the
economic competitiveness of projects.
Authors:
Abhishek Kumar· Divyanshi Pal· Sanjay Kumar Kar·
Saroj Kumar Mishra· Rohit Bansal.
This paper examines the Indian wind sector in-depth,
including government policy, financial incentives, and
accomplishments. The study goes on to discuss the
prospects and problems of the wind sector, as well as
solutions to overcome them to reach the estimated target
of 140–150 GW by 2030.
Authors:
Giovanni Battista Rossi, Andrea Cannata, Antonio Iengo,
Maurizio Migliaccio, Gabriele Nardone, Vincenzo Piscopo,
and Enrico Zambianchi.
Sea waves constitute a natural phenomenon with a great
impact on human activities, and their monitoring is
essential for meteorology, coastal safety, navigation, and
renewable energy from the sea. Therefore, the main
measurement techniques for their monitoring are here
reviewed, including buoys, satellite observation, coastal
radars, shipboard observation, and microseism analysis.
Inventor: Vladimir Kallnln
This document is the uS Patent file of a wave energy
conversion system, which includes a wave absorber that
moves in response to passing Waves.
Authors:
Bingyong Guo, Siming Zheng, John V. Ringwood, João
C. C. Henriques, & Dahai Zhang.
This document, published in 2021, makes a description
and a status of the existing wave conversion systems.
Authors: Bingyong Guo, & John V. Ringwood
Parametric resonance has been observed, both
numerically and experimentally, in various wave energy
converters (WECs) studies.
This study analyzes energy transfer between heave and
pitch/roll modes when parametric resonance occurs. A
generic cylindrical point absorber is studied as a WEC
floater to consider non-linear wave-structure interaction,
including non-linear Froude-Krylov and viscous forces. A
heave-pitch-roll three-degree-of-freedom model is derived
for the numerical study of the energy transfer between
different operational modes.
Authors:
Eugene B. Caldona, John Ryan C. Dizon,
Robert Andrew Viers, Vincent Joseph Garcia, Rigoberto C.
Advincula, Zane J. Smith.
High-performance polymers (HPPs) are among the most
useful industrial materials, while the utility of 3D printing
technologies has evolved and transitioned from rapid
prototyping of composite materials to manufacturing
functional parts. In this paper, the authors highlight the
potential uses and industrial applications of 3D-printed
HPP materials in the oil and gas sector, including the
challenges and opportunities present.
Authors:
Cigdem Ozkan, Talea Mayo, & Davina L. Passeri
Wave energy conversion technologies have recently
attracted more attention due to global efforts to replace
fossil fuels with renewable energy resources. While
ocean waves can provide renewable energy, they can
also be destructive to coastal areas that are often densely
populated and vulnerable to coastal erosion. There have
been a variety of efforts to mitigate the impacts of wave-
and storm-induced erosion; however, they are either
temporary solutions or approaches that cannot adapt to a
changing climate. This study explores a green and
sustainable approach to mitigating coastal erosion from
hurricanes through wave energy conversion.
Authors: Fei Yu, Yi Su, Yuliang Liu, Haibo Liu, Fei Duan.
Floating photovoltaic power (FPV) stations have become
popular to decrease carbon emissions. However, limited
research has been done on mooring lines' dynamic
response. This study investigates the displacement of a
typical 2.14MW FPV array and its mooring lines tension. A
numerical model is built through a three-dimensional
potential theory with 124 mooring lines.
Authors: Yaoping Bei, Bingqing Yuan, Qichen Wu, Liang
Zhu, and Liang Chen.
This paper discusses strength simulations and analyses
carried out on the structure of the Xihe solar floating
photovoltaic power station unit.
Author: Hesan Ziar
This document gives an overview of the implementation
of floating photovoltaic (FPV) stations, including the
technologies used, the potential and costs, and the
challenges and opportunities.
Authors: Chun-Kuo Liu, Zhong-Ri Kong, Ming-Je Kao, and
Teng-Chun Wu.
This study investigates the durability of floating
photovoltaic (FPV) supports through accelerated aging
tests, including the damp heat test, the ozone-aging test,
and the ultraviolet (UV) aging test.
Authors: Thi Thu Em Vo, Hyeyoung Ko, Junho Huh, and
Namje Park.
This review presents a brief overview of floating
photovoltaic (FPV) onshore and offshore systems and
analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of offshore
FPV systems with an overview of their future.
Authors: E G Pratama, W Sunanda, and R F Gusa.
This paper discusses the use of electrical energy produced
by photovoltaic panels to aeration of isolated fish ponds.
The system investigated used two units of 50 Wp floating
solar panels and four units of DC aerator of 12 Volt/0.28 A.
Measurements of the solar irradiance, solar panel
temperature, output voltage, current, and water
oxygenation were conducted to monitor the system
performances.
Authors: Yuying Ma & Guang Chen
This paper presents the sea-fastening design methodology
and results of the topside module which is to be
transported by a self-propelled barge. The combination of
its self-weight, wind load and barge acceleration in waves
will act on the topside module and barge in the
process of marine transportation, this paper mainly
analyzes and calculates the temporary support frame and
the grillage members of the topside module by SACS
software.
Authors: Xinjian Xu, Zhaoxing Meng, and Haiqiang Lv
The three-dimensional cleaning machine involved in tank
car cleaning technology in China has full-automatic
function, which includes two main structures: three-
dimensional positioning machine and high-pressure
cleaning machine. However, the tank car cleaning
process used in the railway field still has many
shortcomings. For example, serious pollution, serious
energy consumption, insecurity, etc.
In order to improve such defects, it is necessary to
introduce new processes and improve the previous
cleaning processes.
Authors:
Jun Yu, Jian-hu Liu, Hai-kun Wang, Jun Wang, Lun-ping
Zhang, Guozhen Liu
Underwater explosion cavitation has an important
influence on the shock wave, explosion bubble, and
structural deformation. The one-fluid model is usually used
in underwater explosion cavitation. It is assumed that the
cavitation is induced suddenly when the pressure is lower
than the saturated pressure. The biggest deficiency of the
model is that it is difficult to consider the temperature
change in the cavitation domain.
Authors: Yong Zhan, Bailin Yi, Shaofei Wu, and Jianan Xu
This paper studies the passive heave compensator for the
strand jack lifting system.
An analytical model is developed, which considers the
nonlinear characteristic of the compensator stiffness thus
as to predict its response under different parameters
accurately. This analytical model helps to find the feasible
gas volume of the compensator. The comparative analysis
is carried out to analyze the influence of key design
parameters on the dynamic response of the compensator.
Authors: Anggara Trisna Nugraha, and Dadang
Priyambodo
The need for electrical energy in Indonesia continues to
increase every year. In line with the increase in the
electrification ratio to 100% in 2050. Additionally, electrical
energy needs can reach seven times, namely 1,611 TWh.
This paper aims to offer the concept of hybrid gadget
configuration, modeling, renewable power sources,
standards for optimization and manipulation strategies of
hybrid gadgets, and software programs used for the main
measure. For this reason, innovation is needed in terms of
fulfilling electrical energy by utilizing the potential of
renewable energy, one of which is water energy, which is
45,379 MW from a total resource of 75,091 MW
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Author: Yuliya Ryltseva
Underwater pipeline crossings are essential for
transporting substances such as water, oil, and gas.
Designing and constructing these crossings requires
monitoring modern technologies, equipment, and
materials available in the market. Research methods
include reviewing regulatory and technical
documentation, scientific literature, and security
documents. Predicting channel processes for the entire
lifespan of underwater pipelines is crucial for their design.
Author: Lin Li a, Xinying Zhu, Carlos Parra, Muk Chen Ong
This research explores the weather window analysis of
two distinct deployment techniques for large subsea
spools. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of both
methods by evaluating their total installation time in
projects with varying quantities of spools. The study
involves numerical modeling and time-domain simulations
that analyze critical activities.
Authors: Jian Wu, Zhifang Zhou, Wenjun Xia, Haixiao
Wang, and Zhongqiang Fang
The cut-and-cover method is popular in tunnel
engineering due to its straightforward construction
techniques, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.
However, concerns about the safety of the foundation pit
and the environmental impact during excavation are
significant, especially for tunnels that pass through bodies
of water such as lakes or rivers. This paper introduces a
state-of-the-art excavation and construction approach for
the Taihu Tunnel, which is the longest lake-crossing
tunnel in China.
Authors: Junling Chen, Jinwei Li, Qize Li, and Youquan
This paper presents a detailed analysis and proposes
solutions for addressing structural defects and damage
mechanisms in embedded-ring wind turbine foundations.
It outlines the issues observed in these foundations,
proposes a strengthening method involving welding
cheese head studs and increasing the embedded depth
of the steel ring, and provides numerical analysis results to
demonstrate the effectiveness of these measures in
improving the safety performance and service life of the
foundations.
Authors: Ingo Drummen, and Gerrit Olbert
This document describes the heuristic conceptual design
procedure for creating a modular floating multi-purpose
island. It outlines the collaborative and multidisciplinary
approach, the design considerations (module size, shape,
principle, and connection/mooring), and the evaluation
criteria used. It also details the participatory process
involving stakeholders and experts, the numerical
assessment of force distribution, and the final design
choice of a barge-like, square structure.
Author: Yu-Shu Kuo, Kai-Jun Chong, Shang-Chun Chang,
Juin-Fu Chai, and Hui-Ting Hsu
This paper discusses a study on soil liquefaction analysis
for offshore wind farms in the Changhua area using
simplified procedures based on Standard Penetration Test
(SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data. It proposes a
hybrid method incorporating SPT-CPT correlation into the
New Japan Road Association (NJRA) method to evaluate
soil liquefaction potential. It also discusses the consistency
of the hybrid method's results with traditional SPT-based
methods and uses Monte Carlo simulation to quantify the
uncertainty and estimate the probability of soil
liquefaction.
Author: Alexandre Mathern, Christoph von der Haar, &
Steffen Marx
This study identifies and categorizes the challenges and
future trends related to the use of concrete for support
structures in future offshore wind projects. It reviews
recent advances and technologies under development for
both bottom-fixed and floating concrete support
structures, highlighting their potential to lower production
costs and facilitate transport and installation. It also
discusses the increasing complexity of future support
structures, including hybrid structures combining steel
and concrete, and emphasizes the need for new
knowledge and technical expertise to ensure reliable and
risk-free offshore installations.
Author:
Sarah Nichol, Rupp Carriveau, Lindsay Miller, D. S-K. Ting,
Djordje Romanic, Adrian Costache, & Horia Hangan
This document explains the behavior of a floating, multi-
purpose, light-duty platform under various wind
conditions to understand how different mooring
configurations and additional weights affect the platform's
movement when subjected to atmospheric boundary
layer winds, tornado-like vortices, and downburst
conditions.
Author: Weimin Chen, Shuangxi Guo, Yilun Li, & Yijun
Shen
This study focuses on the motion responses of a spar-
floating wind turbine, particularly considering the
hysteresis behavior of mooring lines under environmental
loads. It employs a coupled finite element method (FEM)
to develop a dynamic simulation model that accounts for
large-amplitude motions and nonlinear behaviors of
catenary mooring lines. The text outlines the
methodology, including the use of 3D nonlinear beam
elements and the super-element approach. Additionally, it
presents findings on the restoring performance and
motion responses of the floating wind turbine under
various wave conditions.
Authors:
Kevin D. Friedland , Elizabeth T. Methratta,
Andrew B. Gill, Sarah K. Gaichas, Tobey H. Curti, Evan M.
Adams, Janelle L. Morano, Daniel P. Crear, M. Conor
McManus, & Damian C. Brady
This study assesses the potential ecological impacts of
offshore wind energy development in the Northeast
United States. It uses species distribution models and
machine learning techniques to analyze the habitat
distributions of various fish and macroinvertebrate species
in the region to provide a baseline context for impact
assessment and to identify species that may be affected by
the development of wind energy infrastructure. The
authors also emphasize the importance of monitoring
physical and biological oceanographic changes.
Authors: Andreas Tockner, Bernhard Blümel, and Katrin
Ellermann
This paper discusses a feasibility study on fault detection in
the connection elements of a floating island concept
developed under the Space@Sea project, funded by the
Horizon 2020 program. The study focuses on using
Extended Kalman filters to estimate parameters from
motion data and detect changes or faults in the
connecting elements, which are critical for the stability of
the floating island. It aims to demonstrate that this fault
detection method effectively identifies single and multiple
faults in the system.
Authors: Javier Sarmiento, Raúl Guanche, Arantza Iturrioz,
Teresa Ojanguren, Alberto Ávila, & César Yanes
This study evaluated the effectiveness of scour protection
for jacket foundations of bottom-fixed offshore wind
turbines located in morphodynamically active sites. It
assessed the operation and maintenance aspects of scour
protection independently of the contractor's original
design assessments. The methodology, which includes
using physical experiments to simulate various sea states
and their impact on the deformation of rock scour
protection, is detailed. The results indicate that the
sequence and intensity of sea states significantly affect the
deformation of the scour protection.
Authors:
Subhamoy Bhattacharya, Suryakanta Biswal, Muhammed
Aleem, Sadra Amani, Athul Prabhakaran, Ganga Prakhya,
Domenico Lombardi, & Harsh K. Mistry
This article discusses the seismic-related challenges in
analyzing and designing offshore wind farms and wind
turbine structures. It highlights the various earthquake
hazards that can affect these infrastructures and the lack
of explicit procedures for seismic design in current codes
of practice. The text also considers different types of
grounded and floating systems, with a particular emphasis
on Tension Leg Platform (TLP)-type floating wind turbines,
and identifies future research needs in this area.
Author: Digvijay Rajput, Aniruddh Dubal
This document describes the focus and scope of a
research project on underwater construction. It aims to
explain the techniques, challenges, and materials involved
in underwater construction, as well as to analyze notable
examples of such construction.
Authors: Jorge Soriano Vicedo, Javier García Barba, Jorge
Luengo Frades, & Vicente Negro Valdecantos
This study analyzes the behavior of soil when piles are
driven into the seabed for offshore wind platforms. It
addresses the lack of scaled studies on the mechanical
and deformational behavior of both the pile material and
the soil. It also outlines the methodology used, including
the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and scale tests
involving the penetration of steel tubes into the sand
using a hydraulic press, and compares the results for
different tube diameters, penetration speeds, and types of
endings on the tested elements.
Authors: Min-Yuan Cheng and Yung-Fu Wu
This study aims to develop and validate investment
evaluation and partner selection models specifically for
Taiwan's offshore wind power industry. It introduces a
new Investment Evaluation Model (IEM) using FPR to
assess investment risks and a SWARA-FTOPSIS model for
selecting partners tailored to the unique characteristics of
Taiwan's underwater foundations industry. It also
highlights the significance of these models in aiding
decision-making for builders and verifies their feasibility
using the Taipower Offshore Wind Power Project as a case
study.
Author: A.G. Dmitriev, K.G. Levi, A.G. Vakhromeev
This paper describes the process and methodologies used
in the planning and construction of a gas pipeline across
a water reservoir in Russia. It highlights the innovative
solutions and technologies employed to optimize routing
and reduce costs, as well as the geological and
geophysical surveys conducted to ensure the most
appropriate and economically viable route was chosen.
Authors: Haixia Gong, Tong Zhao, Xiaofeng You, Liquan
Wang and Feihong Yun
This paper analyzes and assesses the potential of
ecotourism and management strategies for SCUBA diving
on Kish Island. It discusses the evaluation of the suitability
and carrying capacity of various diving sites, the impact of
diving on reef health, and suggests management
strategies to ensure sustainable tourism to inform about
the current state of the diving industry on Kish Island and
propose measures to maintain the ecological and
aesthetic integrity of the reefs while promoting the island
as a suitable diving destination.
Authors: Chenaghlou, Gharabaghi, and Mohasel
Vibrations in offshore structures have caused several
serious accidents in the marine industry. These vibrations
can lower productivity, threaten safety, and impact the
structure's serviceability. Reducing vibration by 15% can
significantly extend service life and lower maintenance
costs. This paper examines methods to control vibrations
in offshore jacket platforms, focusing on the Persian Gulf.
It studies passive control schemes, such as Tuned Mass
Dampers and Tuned Liquid Column Dampers, discussing
their advantages and disadvantages.
22 - Dynamic Response Control of Offshore Jacket Platforms.
24 - Sustainable and Circular Business Model for Oil & Gas Offshore
Platform Decommissioning.
Authors: Vincenzo Basile. & Roberto Vona
Decommissioning and recycling offshore platforms has
become a complex issue due to environmental, socio-
economic, and safety concerns. This study focuses on
Multi-Use Platforms at Sea (MUPS) as a solution for various
activities while protecting the environment. The main
research questions are about sustainable business models
for transforming or decommissioning oil platforms and
their social and environmental impacts. Initial research
included a literature review on offshore decommissioning
and business models, leading to the Sustainable Circular
Business Model Canvas (SCBMC) tool. A qualitative
analysis was conducted, including surveys with
stakeholders and desk research on global offshore cases.
30 - Review on Dynamics of Offshore Floating Wind Turbine
Platforms
Authors: Srikanth Bashetty, and Selahattin Ozcelik
This paper reviews how offshore floating wind turbine
platforms work and their developments. As turbines move
farther offshore, wind power capacity increases. Effective
platforms are needed due to complex dynamics. This
paper discusses different types of platforms, including
tension leg, spar, and semisubmersible types, along with
their advantages and challenges. It also examines analysis
methods and performance models, and outlines ongoing
challenges and recommends future research directions.
35 - Research on the low-frequency multiline spectrum vibration
control of offshore platforms.
Authors: Na Wang, Yuan Du, Qingtao Gong, Ning Liu,
and Yao Teng
With the growing complexity of offshore platforms, low-
frequency vibrations from equipment like dynamic
positioning systems and main engines are hard to control.
This leads to local resonance, increasing structural fatigue
and causing discomfort. The research proposes a method
for controlling low-frequency vibrations in resonance
areas using dynamic vibration absorption on a large
offshore platform. The effectiveness of this control method
is validated through analysis.
08 - Vibration and Damping Analysis of Pipeline System Based on
Partially Piezoelectric Active Constrained Layer Damping
Treatment
Authors:
Yuanlin Zhang, Xuefeng Liu, Weichong Rong, Peixin Gao,
Tao Yu, Huawei Han, and Langjun Xu
This paper proposes an active constrained layer damping
(ACLD) system with piezoelectric materials to reduce
vibration in pipelines. The system uses a finite element
method to establish motion equations, considering
factors like viscoelastic layer thickness, elastic modulus,
laying position, ACLD patch coverage, and piezoelectric
material voltage. The results show that selecting
appropriate control parameters can achieve the best
damping performance, providing design guidance for
active vibration control in pipeline systems.
Author: Gun Rae Cho, Geonhui Ki, Mun-Jik Lee, Hyungjoo
Kang, Min-Gyu Kim, and Ji-Hong Li
This paper proposes a touch-based assistance technique
for underwater tele-manipulation to improve operational
efficiency in human-inaccessible environments. Instead of
conventional complex tele-operation, operators interact
directly with camera images by touching points to guide
the manipulator, supported by a position estimation
method using those touch inputs. Evaluated
experimentally on URI-T, a Korean cable-burying ROV,
during an underwater cable-gripping task, statistical
analysis shows the technique significantly enhances
temporal efficiency compared to standard tele-operation.
Authors: Young-Hyun Lee, Jin-Hoo Kim, Sang-Hee Lee,
and Sung-Bo Kim
Underwater archaeological surveys traditionally rely on
diving for visual identification, which is costly, time-
consuming, and ineffective in turbid water. This study
evaluated acoustic geophysical methods, side scan sonar,
multibeam echo sounder, and scanning sonar, at three
South Korean sites. Scanning sonar emerged as the most
effective, producing clearer images than on-site drawings
even in poor visibility. When combined with high-
frequency geophysical techniques, it enhances the
accuracy of detecting buried relics and remains.
