Underwater archeology - Papers from 2015 to 2021
10 - Underwater Photogrammetric Mapping of an Intact Standing Steel Wreck with ROV.
Authors: Stein M. Nornes, Martin Ludvigsen, Øyvind Ødegard, Asgeir J. Sørensen. This paper presents the results of an underwater photogrammetric survey of an intact standing steel wreck with high vertical profiles from the seabed at 60 meters depth. The survey was conducted in Trondheim Harbour in August 2014 using a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) equipped with a stereo camera rig.
12- Undersea drones: Explorations of the S.S. Tahoe (1896-1940).
Authors: John W. Foster & Denise Jaffke. In June 2016 the authors participated in an expedition by OpenROV to test their mini-Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) in Lake Tahoe at extreme depth and to capture images of the S.S. Tahoe in her resting place at 350-475 feet beneath the surface. The project was carried out by a multi-disciplinary team, including an online community, using a vehicle modified for deeper dive operations. The mini- ROV (or drone) is emerging as a popular vehicle worldwide for underwater exploration.
24 - Royal Navy Wooden Shipwrecks Database  (V1.3  07 Jul 2018).
Author: Peter Holt Peter Holt Peter Holt spent 20 years with Sonardyne International Ltd. designing subsea navigation systems for the oil industry and military. Between 2010 and 2016 Peter directed the SHIPS Project, a wide ranging study of the maritime history of Plymouth funded by the US research foundation ProMare. Since 1989 Peter has worked on maritime archaeology projects. He was a visiting research fellow at Plymouth University from 2010 to 2016, supervising numerous MSc Hydrography projects each year. Peter is a Chartered Engineer, a Member of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, a Member of the Hydrographic Society, a NAS Senior Tutor, he is the NAS south-west regional co- ordinator and is on the International Shipwreck Conference organising committee.
07 - SBSA 14. International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology Baltic and beyond - 2015
Book of Abstracts of ISBSA 14. International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology Baltic and beyond - Change and continuity in shipbuilding 21–25 September 2015 Symposium organizer: National Maritime Museum in Gdansk
08 - Technology and Empire: Comparing the Dutch and British Maritime Technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815)
Author: Ivor Mollema The two ships, Bato (1806) and Brunswick (1805) wrecked in Simons Bay, South Africa, provide an opportunity to compare British and Dutch maritime technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815). The former was a Dutch 74-gun ship of the line and the latter a British East Indiaman. Their remains reveal pertinent information about the maritime technologies available to each European power.
21 - Kieran Hosty & Dr James Hunter: HMAS Perth Project 2017, Sunda Strait, Republic of Indonesia.
This document relates a joint maritime archaeological project between the Australian National Maritime Museum, Sydney, Australia, and Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional, Jakarta Selatan 12510, Republik Indonesia.
03 - UNESCO: Underwater heritage of the world war one
Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France Authors: Innes McCartney, Selçuk Kolay, Augusto Salgado, Jorge Russo, Herni Legoherel, Akifumi Iwabuchi, Guido Demerre, Gino Deceuninck, Cynrik De Decker, Nathalie De Hauwere, Ine Demerre, Johan Devolder, Frank Janssens, Tomas Termote, Patrick Tiersoone, Sven Van Haelst, Marnix Pieters, John Gribble, Jonathan Sharfman, Robert Anthony Yorke, Michel L’Hour, James Delgado, Ole Varmer, Ulrike Guérin, Craig Forrest, Antony Firth, Mark Dunkley, Andrew Viduka, Michel Huet, Dirk Timmermans, Pierre Yves- Lepage, Garry Momber, Amanda Bowens, Franca Cibecchini, Olivia Hulot, Ingeborg , Svennevig, and Will Brouwers.
06 - Bridging the gap in maritime archaeology: Working with professional and public communities
Authors: Katy Bell, Andrea T. Hamel, Toby Gane, Mark Beattie Edwards, Peta Knott, Paola Palma, Jessica Berry, Kevin Stratford, Steve Brown, Robert Lenfert, A. Liddell, M. Skelhorn, Terence Newman, Peter B. Campbell, Peter B. Campbell, Derek M. Smith, Jeffrey G. Royal, Christopher T. Begley, Petra Zdravkovic, Derek Irwin. This volume came about as a result of a session run at the (then) IfA conference in Glasgow in 2014 by the Maritime Affairs Group. The focus of the conference was ‘research in practice’, in particular, the challenges that are posed to heritage professionals regarding value, quality, dissemination, and accessibility of the archaeological resource. In maritime archaeology, this can be a particular issue with the additional practical considerations of allowing access to what is often underwater or inaccessible.
01 - Protection and management of autralia’s second war underwater cultural heritage.
Author: Andrew Viduka Most, if not all, Australian states have limited human and financial resources to protect, document, or practically manage UCH on a day-by-day basis. Recognizing these constraints in Australia, early UCH management activities focused on developing community groups within each jurisdiction as one of a series of public engagement mechanisms to protect UCH sites. In many jurisdictions, successful site management and protection are directly related to local community groups’ active engagement and knowledge. Recognizing that facilitating safe public access is best practice in UCH management, a focus of management activity should be on fostering the development of community-based advocacy groups who become knowledgable ‘archaeologists’ capable of supporting heritage management agencies in their activities.
02- Treasures of the deep
Authors: Bill Jeffery, K.Y. Chan, L.H. Li, P.K. Wong, B. Jeffery, S.M. Chow, W.C. Ho, S.M. Chan. With contributions from: P. Harrison, S. Heaver, D. Riach This book results from a project Recording and Documenting the Underwater Heritage of Hong Kong. It was implemented by a small group of Hong Kong residents (the authors) interested in revealing underwater cultural heritage sites and histories. It is the first time Hong Kong’s underwater cultural heritage has been written up in a manner that is aimed at informing the Hong Kong community.
11 - Australian historic shipwreck preservation project: Escavation & monitoring programme report.
Authors: Peter Veth, Vicki Richards, Cassandra Philippou, Jennifer Rodrigues, Mark Staniforth, Amer Khan, Andrew Viduka, Adele Zubrzycka, Peter Harvey, James Parkinson, Ian MacLeod, Debra Shefi, Anthony Barham and Dudley Creagh. Contributions by: Brad Duncan, Cosmos Coroneos, Michael Nash and Kevin Edwards. The Australian Historic Shipwreck Preservation Project (AHSPP) has focussed on the reburial and in-situ preservation of shipwrecks and colonial shipbuilding. In 2011 researchers identified a number of criteria that a research site should meet in addressing these topics, including 1. the shipwreck must be identified as ‘at-risk’; 2. the site should be logistically accessible; 3. the site has been extensively researched, monitored, and perhaps partially excavated previously; and 4. the current managing agency must support the AHSPP and have the capacity to carry out the long-term monitoring of the site.
18 - Project Samphire - Crowd sourcing maritime archaeology data off Scotland’s west coast.
Authors: John McCarthy and Jonathan Benjamin Project SAMPHIRE (the Scottish Atlantic Maritime Past: Heritage, Investigation, Research, and Education Project) was geographically focused on the west coast of the Scottish mainland and was undertaken between 2013 and 2015, resulting in a large number of new archaeological discoveries, including ship-wrecks, aircraft, and other material of a much more varied nature than what is typically found through large-scale hydrographic surveys.
20 - Submerged Second World War Sites in Chuuk, Guam, Pohnpei and Yap
Author: Bill Jeffery This chapter is primarily focused on the submerged WWII sites in Chuuk Lagoon (formerly Truk Lagoon), which represents the largest number of sites in Micronesia (in addition to those in Palau). Other significant sites in Micronesia including Pohnpei, Yap, and Guam are addressed briefly.
51 - Discovery and initial documentation of USS NEVADA (BB-36): An artifact of two world wars and the advent of the cold war.
Authors: Michael L. Brennan, James P. Delgado, Larrie D. Ferreiro, Josh Broussard, & Michael Arbuthnot. The discovery of the sunken remains of the battleship USS Nevada (BB-36) by Ocean Infinity and SEARCH Inc. in 2020 provided the means for documentation, site mapping, and characterization of a deep-water shipwreck with an iconic history that spanned half a century of profound change in the world in response to two world wars, shifting geopolitics and technological development that concluded with the advent of the atomic age.
39 - A novel Structure from Motion-based approach to underwater pile field documentation.
Authors: Johannes Reich, Philipp Steiner , Ariane Ballmer, Lea Emmenegger, Marco Hostettler, Corinne Staheli, Goce Naumov, Bojan Taneski, Valentina Todoroska, Konrad Schindler, & Albert Hafner. This article presents a novel methodology for the underwater documentation of pile fields in archaeological lakeside settlement sites using Structure from Motion (SfM). Mapping the piles of such sites is an indispensable basis for the exploitation of the high-resolution absolute chronological data gained through dendrochronology. In a case study at the underwater site of Ploca, Micov Grad at Lake Ohrid, North Macedonia, nine consecutive 10 m2 strips and a 6 m2 excavation section were uncovered, the situation documented, and the woodpiles sampled.
40 - The revolutionary cannon of the 15th century
Author: John Tomkinson This paper is a historical study of the evolution of cannons during the 15th century. Some readers may be surprised with an article that does not discuss diving. The reason is that cannons are often elements that can be used to deduct the age of some wrecks.
46 - From discovery to public consumption: the process of mapping and evaluating underwater cultural heritage in Malta
Authors: Izabela Bodus-Olkowska, Grzegorz Zaniewicz, Piotr Malinski This paper highlights the synergy between existing remote sensing technologies and the management of underwater cultural heritage with examples of ongoing research projects, such as Malta's approach to considerations of historical and natural conditions of site elements. Such an approach allows for the scaling of sites based on several parameters and provides instructive information for creating management strategies.
50 - Wrecks of the Lower Oder on the Magnetic Anomaly Maps. Hydrographic and Geophysical Research of Selected Objects of Underwater Cultural Heritage in 2020
Authors: Izabela Bodus-Olkowska, Grzegorz Zaniewicz, Piotr Malinski In August 2020, the authors of this paper realized an interdisciplinary survey of 12 wrecks located and inventoried earlier as a part of a project Underwater ethnoarchaeology of the Lower Oder. The survey was a part of the research on the classification method of anthropogenic, ferrous, underwater objects based on magnetic anomaly maps. Data acquisition involved recording data with an interferometric echosounder, side-scan sonar, and marine magnetometer.
28 - Death by a Thousand Cuts: an archaeological assessment of souveniring and salvage on the Australian cruiser HMAS Perth.
Authors: Kieran Hosty, J& ames Hunter. In 2014, the Australian National Maritime Museum (ANMM) received reports from recreational divers that the shipwreck site of HMAS Perth was being systematically salvaged by commercial divers. After extensive discussions with Indonesian government departments and agencies the ANMM led the first Australian/Indonesian remote sensing survey of Perth in December 2016. This was followed by an in-water survey in May 2017. These investigations revealed Perth has been devastated by systematic, large-scale unauthorized salvage.
04 - A fine wreck in shallow water: Investigation into, and concervation of, a heavily disturbed 18th century British west Indiaman, the soldier key wreck.
Author: Allen Donald Wilson A fine wreck in shallow water” is how W. A. Cockrell described the Soldier Key Wreck (8DA416, BISC-22) during the first professional survey of the site in September 1976. Since that time, three archaeology field schools and numerous looters have visited the site. Unfortunately, divers have displaced the ballast from atop the hull, removed many portable artifacts, and left the wreck exposed to storms and shipworms….
16 - Cultural Site Formation Processes Affecting Shipwrecks and Shipping Mishap Sites
Authors: JMartin Gibbs & Brad Duncan Most studies of maritime site formation processes have concentrated upon the various natural and, to a lesser extent, cultural processes physically impacting the remnants of the vessel (the shipwreck) and closely associated artifacts while ignoring wider influences that have resulted in the current archaeological record. This paper explores how cultural processes not only affect the transformation of a ship into a shipwreck site but also how continuing human interactions can produce other archaeological sites that are equally important for understanding the archaeology of shipwrecks.
27 - Maritime Archaeological and Historical Society - vol 29
Authors: Steven Anthony and James Smailes The Maritime Archaeological and Historical Society (MAHS) is organized for the purpose of enhancing public awareness and fostering appreciation for the significance of historic shipwrecks and other underwater cultural heritage. Our mission is to preserve our maritime heritage, and our members volunteer to participate in underwater archaeology expeditions around the world.
13 - New information from old timbers? A re-analysis of wreck LHL-81 from Osterby harbor, Laeso Denmark
Authors: Sarah Madden On March 20, 1980, a local fisherman discovered a wreck in Østerby Harbor on the island of Læsø, Denmark. Along with timbers from two separate shipwrecks, two cannons were also lifted from the harbor. Investigation showed that one set of timbers belonged to a fishing ship from the 1930s. However, the other timbers were far older, and there were no recollections in the collective town memory of an older ship having sunk there.
32 - Lost at sea: Utilizing photogrammetry to monitor two submerged f8f Bearcats.
Authors: Hunter Weatherly Whitehead Two F8F Bearcat wreck sites are discussed here, including the methods involved in aircraft investigation and the historical documents referenced for their identification. Utilizing photogrammetric modeling techniques, the author tests the applicability of photogrammetry as an in situ site- monitoring tool.
05 - Formation processes of ship sites in the Blackwater river Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa country, Florida
Author: William Joseph Wilson Nautical archaeologists emphasize the study of formation processes and understanding the natural environments of the sites they are studying. Most notably, this approach has been used to understand the spatial relationships and presence or absence of artifacts (Muckelroy 1977). Although very useful for the interpretation of wreck sites, this approach leads to a focus on the end-product attributes of site formation rather than the processes, thus acting as mere descriptions of formation processes for use as explanatory devices (Ward et al. 1999:561).
30- Shipwrecked in situ: Saving the sunken past or scapegoat archeology ?
Authors: Sean A Kingsley Under the banner of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, current management embraces the in situ preservation of wrecks as optimum practice. This article addresses what the UNESCO protocol intends, highlights inconsistencies and suggests the concept of in situ preservation needs to evolve to maintain relevance.
52 - The archaeological examination of watercraft abandonment in Australia: A retrospective
Author: Nathan Richards The remnants of deliberately discarded watercraft have been a subject of maritime historical and archaeological inquiry for some time. Studies of ships re-utilized as ancient boat burials (such as the Snape Boat), votive offerings, or transformed into foundations, and many types of alternate structures and buildings are well-known in maritime archaeological literature.
19 - Second campaign of excavation on the Saintes Bay Wreck, Guadeloupe
Authors: Jean-Sébasien Guibert, Franck Bigot, Magali Lachèvre, Jean- Jacques Maréchal, Marine Sadania, Noémie Tomadini, Magali Veyrat In 2015, an initial archaeological campaign tentatively identified the Saintes Bay Wreck as the Anémone, a French schooner built in 1823 in Bayonne. The Anémone was used as a customs ship in Guadeloupe before it was lost in Saintes Bay in September 1824 during a hurricane (Guibert 2013). The authors returned in July 2016 as part of the French West Indies University research program. Our goal was to gain a thorough understanding of the site in hope of confirming the wreck’s identity.
25 - Ship, Navire, Navío, Nave, Buque: Creating a Multi-Language Glossary for Early Modern Ships
Authors: Marijo Gauthier-Bérubé For the past ten years, a group of international scholars has been working on a multi-language glossary for early modern Iberian ships, a preliminary version of which was recently published on the Academia website. The project was conducted under Dr. Filipe Castro's supervision of the J. Richard Steffy Ship Reconstruction laboratory at Texas A&M University originated from the Nautical Archaeology Digital Library (NADL) Project 1. A multilingual glossary was a central tool in the NADL that allowed the collection and interpretation of archaeological data stored in different formats.
48 - Optimization of acoustic profiler characteristics in the scope of underwater archeology and monitoring of underwater engineering objects.
Authors: IA Kirichenko, I B Starchenko, V Y Vishnevezkiy, A I Markolia, I I Sizov, and T P Strochan The shallow water environment is one of the most dynamic elements, subject to rapid sedimentary flows and of significant interest to human activities. This environment pose severe challenges due to shallow water, strong waves, strong currents, large tidal range, and fine gas, which restrict sound penetration. To optimize the characteristics of acoustic profiler with a parametric transmitting array in the scope of underwater archeology and monitoring of underwater engineering objects, theoretical studies of the influence of real conditions on the work of parametric hydro-acoustic systems and of the marine soils and bottom sediments features are presented in this study.
49 - Underwater Cultural Heritage as an Engine for Social, Economic and Cultural Development. State of Research at the University of Cadiz (Andalusia, Spain).
Public access to underwater and maritime cultural heritage has proven to have a very positive effect on the local economy. This type of heritage is very attractive for the cultural tourism sector in general and active and diving tourism. The Nautical and Underwater Archeology Line of the University of Cadiz, within the framework of the TIDE Project and Herakles Project, have been working on the enhancement of maritime and underwater heritage through the application of new technologies. This paper presents the advances in the project in the Strait of Gibraltar, based on the first phase of scientific analysis and the defnition of a common working methodology with resulted in a toolkit for the development of tourism activities.
14 - Vladimir Cherniavsky – a pioneer of marine biology and underwater archeology of the Black Sea, the first scientist of Ab khazi
Authors: Shadrin N. V. This essay gives brief preliminary overview of his contribution in marine biology and underwater archeology of the Black Sea, study of nature and people of Abkhazia in the 19th century.
15 - Prospects for using sonar for underwater archeology on the Yenisei: surveying a 19th century shipwreck
Authors: A E Goncharov, D M Mednikov, N M Karelin, I R Nasyrov Current progress in underwater archeology is based on a rich arsenal of high-tech appliances, among which sonar technology plays a key role; it enables scientists not only to detect submerged archeological objects, but to examine them in high definition without having to conduct diving operations or use expensive underwater unmanned vehicles.
31- Model Code of Practice for Safe Diving Operations
Publisher: UNESCO This model code of practice has been drafted by the UNESCO UNITWIN Network for Underwater Archaeology, following on from the Network’s annual meeting in 2016 at UNESCO in Paris. The Network identified a lack of consistent practices and a need for common language related to scientific archaeological diving by its members as a way to reduce barriers to international partnerships working. This document is non-prescriptive, and its use is voluntary. It does not supersede any national, local or institutional policy related to scientific archaeological diving.
43 - Understanding diver behavior on underwater cultural heritage: enriching the observation record using video methods
Authors: Joanne Edney, Kay Dimmock, and William E. Boyd Successful underwater heritage management requires a sound understanding of visitor behavior. Primary visitors to  underwater heritage sites are divers whose behavior can  pose risks to the integrity of the site's cultural heritage and tourism values. This study seeks to understand wreck diver in -water behavior. 
44 - Optimization of acoustic profiler characteristics in the scope of underwater archeology and monitoring of underwater engineering objects
Authors: I A Kirichenko, I B Starchenko, V Y Vishnevezkiy, A I Markolia, I I Sizov, and T P Strochan The results of theoretical studies of the influence of real conditions on the work of parametric hydro-acoustic systems and of the marine soils and bottom sediments features are presented in this study to solve the problem of optimizing the characteristics of acoustic profiler with a parametric transmitting array in the scope of underwater archeology and monitoring of underwater engineering objects.
09 - Target definition for shipwreck hunting
Author: Kim Kisner This article defines the long and complex research implemented to find the locations of two World War II shipwrecks: The German raider Kormoran and the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney.
26 - Rebreather fundamentals
Publisher: Avon Protection Rebreathers are increasingly used by sportive divers involved in archeological campaigns. For this reason, it is essential to provide guidelines allowing them to understand this type of equipment. It is the case of this paper that gives information on the fundamental properties that govern a rebreather design: 1. The resistive work of breathing (WOB) within the rebreather. 2. The hydrostatic WOB of the unit when submerged. 3. The absorbent duration. 4. The oxygen control dynamics.
45 - Manual for Scientific Diving Safety
The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) Scientific Diving Program has supported the VIMS Dive Team with training and equipment since 1983. This manual is a modified version of the 2018 American Academy of Underwater Science (AAUS) standards (.https://www.aaus.org/AAUS)
47- Optimization of acoustic profiler characteristics in the scope of underwater archeology and monitoring of underwater engineering objects
Authors: A Kirichenko, I B Starchenko, V Y Vishnevezkiy, A I Markolia, I I Sizov, and T P Strochan The results of theoretical studies on the influence of actual conditions on the work of parametric hydro-acoustic systems, as well as the marine soils and bottom sediment features, are presented in this study. The aim is to solve the problem of optimizing the characteristics of acoustic profilers with a parametric transmitting array in the scope of underwater archaeology and monitoring underwater engineering objects.
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Author: Joanne Lynette Edney The purpose of this research is to address gaps in the literature the behaviour, motivations, and attitudes of wreck divers, and to identify opportunities for better integration of divers and management of underwater cultural heritage in the Asia-Pacific region.
23 - Detection and characterization of an archaeological wreck site in Sunda Strait, Indonesia.
Authors: Hendra Kurnia Febriawan, Omar Moefti, Dwi Haryanto, Taufan Wiguna Shipwreck sites worldwide highlight the importance of locating wrecks resulting from accidents. The shipwreck of MV Bahuga Jaya in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, serves as an example of possible causes. Using a multibeam swath survey, the authors can accurately map the wreck's location by creating a detailed Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and backscatter images. Analyzing the slope of the bathymetry DEM and the texture of the backscatter imagery through morphometric and texture analysis, along with machine learning classification, enhances the detection and monitoring of shipwrecks.
42 - The Antikythera wreck: A numismatic approach
Author: Daniele Castrizio The paper examines the coins discovered in the Antikythera wreck by sponge fishermen in 1900 near the island of Antikythera. The excavation yielded numerous artifacts, including the famous Antikythera mechanism and human remains. Researchers have debated the date and origin, using sources such as pottery and writings. In 1976, 36 silver and approximately 40 bronze coins were discovered, all of which were corroded. Studying these coins, particularly their origin in the Aegean or Sicilian, helps us learn more about the ship's history.
17 - Prospects for using sonar for underwater archeology on the Yenisei: surveying a 19th century shipwreck
Authors: A E Goncharov, D M Mednikov, N M Karelin, I R Nasyrov The text aims to inform readers about the advancements and applications of sonar technology in underwater archaeology, specifically highlighting its use in detecting and examining submerged archaeological objects without the need for diving operations or expensive underwater vehicles. It also aims to draw attention to the underexplored potential of freshwater environments, particularly the Yenisei River in central Siberia, for archaeological discoveries. It uses the example of a 2016 expedition that located the wreck of the 19th-century British steam schooner Thames to illustrate these points..
29 - Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
Author: Ian D. MacLeod This document reports on the condition and preservation efforts of the Australian First World War submarine HMAS AE2, which is located in the Sea of Marmara. It describes the environmental conditions at the wreck site, including salinity and oxygen levels, the state of the vessel's concretion and silt coverage, and the results of various analyses and experiments conducted to understand the impact of the environment on the submarine. Additionally, it outlines the conservation measures taken, such as the use of zinc anodes, to preserve the historic submarine in situ.
33 - Mapping the Historical Shipwreck Figaro in the High Arctic Using Underwater Sensor-Carrying Robots
Authors: Aksel Alstad Mogstad, Øyvind Ødegård, Stein Melvær Nornes, Martin Ludvigsen, Geir Johnsen, Asgeir J. Sørensen, & Jørgen Berge This study was conducted on the wreck site of the Figaro, a floating whalery that sank in 1908 and was discovered in Trygghamna, Isfjorden, Svalbard. Multiple remote sensing techniques have been used to survey and analyze the wreck site, emphasizing the advantages of using complementary methods such as photogrammetric 3D modeling and underwater hyperspectral imagery. The study also highlights the findings related to biofouling levels on different marine archaeological substrates and suggests that high-density biological assemblages could help identify human-made artifacts on the seafloor.
34- Using Remote Sensing Techniques to Document and Identify the Largest Underwater Object of the Baltic Sea: Case Study of the Only German Aircraft Carrier, Graf Zeppelin
Author: Artur Grzadziel This study focused on identifying a massive shipwreck in the Baltic Sea using remote sensing technology, specifically side- scan sonar and scanning sonar. The methodology, challenges, and results of the study are described in the report, emphasizing the effectiveness of the proposed approach in obtaining accurate measurement data and identifying the shipwreck with high confidence..
35 - Atlas of Shipwrecks in Inner Ionian Sea (Greece): A Remote Sensing Approach
Author: (Maria Geraga, Dimitris Christodoulou, Dimitrios Eleftherakis, George Papatheodorou, Elias Fakiris, Xenophon Dimas, Nikos Georgiou, Stavroula Kordella, Michalis Prevenios, Margarita Iatrou, Despina Zoura, Sofia Kekebanou, Makis Sotiropoulos, and George Ferentinos This document highlights the significance of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) sites, particularly shipwrecks in the Inner Ionian Sea in Greece, and emphasizes the need for a protection framework to preserve these sites. It discusses the methods used to study these shipwrecks, their historical importance, and the threats posed by human activities such as fishing.
36 - Optimization of acoustic profiler characteristics in the scope of underwater archeology and monitoring of underwater engineering objects
Author: I A Kirichenko, I B Starchenko, V Y Vishnevezkiy, A I Markolia, I I Sizov , & T P Strochan This document presents studies on optimizing the characteristics of an acoustic profiler with a parametric transmitting array for applications in underwater archaeology and the monitoring of underwater engineering objects. It discusses the influence of real conditions on the performance of parametric hydro-acoustic systems, the necessary amplification range to compensate for acoustic wave propagation losses, and the required acoustic power for effective penetration into marine sediments. It also suggests designing and constructing a parametric profiler based on these theoretical investigations.
37 - Diving Deeper into Wreck Diver Motivations and Attitudes
Author: Joanne Edney, Kay Dimmock, and William E. Boyd The text intends to convey the importance of understanding wreck divers' characteristics, motivations, and attitudes to manage underwater wreck sites effectively. The text emphasizes the need to balance heritage conservation and tourism to ensure quality diving experiences while protecting underwater cultural heritage. It also highlights the outcomes of an international survey of wreck divers, which can inform management strategies and destination marketing..
38 - Understanding Diver Behavior on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Enriching the Observation Record Using Video Methods
Author: Joanne Edney, Kay Dimmock, & William E. Boyd This study aims to understand the behavior of wreck divers at underwater heritage sites. The study highlights the limitations of conventional observation methods and proposes the use of wearable cameras for video observation to gain more detailed insights into diver behavior. The findings from the video analysis are intended to inform heritage and tourism management decisions and provide a baseline for future research.
41 - Underwater Cultural Heritage as an Engine for Social, Economic and Cultural Development. State of Research at the University of Cadiz (Andalusia, Spain)
Author: Carlota Pérez-Reverte Mañas, Felipe Cerezo Andreo, Pablo López Osorio, Raúl González Gallero, Luis Mariscal Rico, & Alicia Arévalo González This document aims to inform about the positive economic impact of public access to underwater and maritime cultural heritage (UCH and MCH) and present the advancements made by the University of Cadiz in enhancing this heritage through new technologies. The text highlights the work done within the TIDE and Herakles Projects, including developing tourism activities such as accessible underwater heritage routes, virtual reality applications for dry dive experiences, and streaming of underwater archaeological works.