scientific-2023-b

Scientific papers 2023 -B

Authors: Betul Onal Gunay Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) is a structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) sign secondary to ischemia in the intermediate and deep retinal vascular network, characterized by hyper-reflectivity in the inner nuclear layer (INL). The aim of the authors is to demonstrate PAMM development following uncomplicated cataract surgery, possibly triggered by fasting and dehydration. They also aim to emphasize the potential role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treating PAMM.

Authors: Ran Arieli Pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT) is a major risk in diving while breathing hyperoxic gas and is also considered in clinical hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The author shows that the pulmonary oxygen toxicity index calculated by the power equation offers a better prediction than other suggested approaches.

11 - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjunct to corticosteroid treatment in sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a retrospective study.

Authors: Piotr H. Skarzynski, Aleksandra Kolodziejak, Elzbieta Gos, Magdalena B. Skarzynska, Natalia Czajka, and Henryk Skarzynski This paper describes a retrospective clinical study that was conducted to test the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Authors: Javed Iqbal, Abdullah Naeem, Kainat Jahangir, Yumna Ali, Yusra Mashkoor, Ahmer Ashraf, Dalia Mehmood, Maria Mehmood, and Lucke-Wold Brandon Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) aims to address ischemia resulting from brain injury by subjecting patients to an atmosphere that raises the concentration of inspired oxygen (100% O2 at greater than 1 ATA). This results in elevated levels of oxygen in the plasma, which in turn boosts the delivery of oxygen for diffusion to the brain tissue. This paper study the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-based modalities in brain injury

13 - Safe Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Minimize Adverse Effects

Authors: Arman Vahabi, Merve Mert, Huseyin Aytaç Erdem, Ilgın Yıldırım Simsir, Meltem Isıkgoz Tasbakan, and Anıl Murat Ozturk The purpose of this study is to evaluate the side effects associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and provide recommendations to prevent them in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

Authors: Clément Leveque, Simona Mrakic Sposta, Sigrid Theunissen, Peter Germonpré, Kate Lambrechts, Alessandra Vezzoli, Gerardo Bosco, Morgan Lévénez, Pierre Lafère, François Guerrero, and Costantino Balestra Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a therapeutical approach based on exposure to pure oxygen in an augmented atmospheric pressure. Although it has been used for years, the exact kinetics of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) between different pressures of hyperbaric oxygen exposure are still not clearly evidenced. In this study, the metabolic responses of hyperbaric hyperoxia exposures for 1 h at 1.4 and 2.5 ATA were investigated.

15 - Highlighting of the interactions of MYD88 and NFKB1 SNPs in rats resistant to decompression sickness: toward an autoimmune response

Authors: Nicolas Vallée, Emmanuel Dugrenot, Anne-Virginie Desruelle, Simone Richard, Stéphane Coupé, Céline Ramdani, Régis Guieu, Jean-Jacques Risso, Sandrine Gaillard, & François Guerrero Decompression sickness (DCS) with neurological disorders includes an inflammatory response which degenerates slowly, even after the disappearance of the bubbles. There is high inter-individual variability in terms of the occurrence of DCS that could have been mastered by the selection and then the breeding of DCS-resistant rats. The authors hypothesized the selection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to autoimmunity operated upon a generation of a DCS-resistant strain of rats.

Authors: Costantino Balestra, Simona Mrakic-Sposta, and Fabio Virgili Nowadays, the therapeutic use of oxygen is not only limited to restoring hypoxia, but several newly developed approaches use oxygen not only as a “restoring agent” but also as a potent stimulus. Salvagno et al. based their review on the paradoxical response of the intermittent shift between hyperoxic–normoxic exposure, which was shown to enhance erythropoietin production and raise hemoglobin levels with numerous different potential applications in many fields of therapy as a new strategy for surgical preconditioning aimed at frail patients and prevention of postoperative anemia.

Authors: Eyal Bar-Kochba, Alexander S. Iwaskiw, Jenna M. Dunn, Jenna M. Dunn, Timothy P. Harrigan, and Constantine K. Demetropoulos This study presents an experimental characterization of isolated human lung dynamics during simulated exposureto underwater shock waves. The authors found that the large acoustic impedance at the surface of the lung severely attenuated transmission of the shock wave into the lungs.

Authors: Benjamin Simonnet, Romain Roffi, Henri Lehot, Jean Morin, Arnaud Druelle, Lucille Daubresse, Pierre Louge, Sébastien de Maistre, Emmanuel Gempp, Nicolas Vallee, and Jean-Eric Blatteau Spinal cord decompression sickness (scDCS) unfortunately has a high rate of long-term sequelae. The purpose of this study was to determine the best therapeutic management in a hyperbaric center and, in particular, the influence of hyperbaric treatment performed according to tables at 4 atm (Comex 30) or 2.8 atm abs (USNT5 or T6 equivalent).

Authors: Owen J. ONeill, Anthony Haftel, Heather M. Murphy- Lavoie Despite all attempts to mitigate risk, tunnel compressed air workers may still suffer the signs and symptoms of DCS and a variety of other typical construction work-related hazards. This paper discusses discuss compressed air workers performance in dry hyperbaric environments, particularly those pertaining to tunnel and caisson work, as well as the different methods of compression used to keep them safe and the job productive and cost-effective.

Authors: Basheer Abdullah Marzoog Local hypothermia has protective effects on injured endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and neurocytes. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanism of local hypothermia is still unknown. The overall effect of local hypothermia involves changes in cellular and extracellular homeostasis. Reduction in cellular metabolism is the hallmark effect of local hypothermia, resulting in a decrease in energy expenditure already impaired by starvation conditions, such as ischemia. However, on a molecular basis, local hypothermia modifies cell physiology according to the type and vitality of the cells.

Authors: Javed Iqbal, Abdullah Naeem, Kainat Jahangir, Yumna Ali, Yusra Mashkoor, Ahmer Ashraf, Dalia Mehmood, Maria Mehmood, and Lucke-Wold Brandon This study discusses the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-based modalities in brain injury. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) aims to address ischemia resulting from brain injury by subjecting patients to an atmosphere that dramatically raises the concentration of inspired oxygen (100% O2 at greater than 1 ATA). This results in elevated levels of oxygen in the plasma, which, in turn, boosts the delivery of oxygen for diffusion to the brain tissue.

05 - Information-Theoretic Analysis of Cardio-Respiratory Interactions in Heart Failure Patients: Effects of Arrhythmias and Cardiac Resynchronization

Authors: Therapy Mirjana M. Platiša, Nikola N. Radovanovi´c, Riccardo Pernice, Chiara B Siniša U. Pavlovi´c, and Luca Faes The properties of cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) are affected by various pathological conditions related to the cardiovascular and/or respiratory systems. In heart failure, one of the most common cardiac pathological conditions, the degree of CRC changes primarily depends on the type of heart rhythm alterations. In this work, we investigated CRC in heart failure patients, applying measures from information theory and cross-entropy (CE) to quantify the directed coupling and causality between the cardiac (RR interval) and respiratory (Resp) time series.

Authors: Beibei Dong, Yuanyuan Bai, Qi Jia, Lin Su, Xinyue Zhang, Shiquan Wang, Zongping Fang Stroke is a major health concern and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The authors and other groups have documented that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning could significantly alleviate neuronal damage in ischemia-reperfusion models through various mechanisms. However, they found that some of the subjects did not benefit from preconditioning with hyperbaric oxygen. The preconditioning phenomenon is similar to vaccination, in which the endogenous survival system is activated to fight against further injuries.

16 - Knowledge and Attitudes Relating to Barotrauma Incidents, Fishermen Communities in Buko Village, Banggai District, Central Sulawesi Islands

Authors: Yulianus Sudarman, H. Melangka Early initiation of diving is a technique that is often carried out by fishermen in Batangono village using traditional methods without tools, from their knowledge of diving is obtained from generation to generation, so the consequences of diving activities can have an impact on health, and the attitude shown in the barotrauma incident is also still lacking in handling. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between knowledge,attitudes, and the incidence of barotrauma in the community of Batangono Village, Buko District, Banggai Islands Regency.

Authors: Lin ZC, Bennett MH, Hawkins GC, Azzopardi CP, Feldmeier J, Smee R, Milross C Cancer is a significant global health issue. Radiotherapy is a treatment modality for many malignancies, and about 50% of people having radiotherapy will be long-term survivors. Some will experience late radiation tissue injury (LRTI), developing months or years following radiotherapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been suggested as a treatment for LRTI based on the ability to improve the blood supply to these tissues. It is postulated that HBOT may result in both healing of tissues and the prevention of complications following surgery and radiotherapy.

Authors: Jan Risberg, Pieter-Jan van Ooij, Olav Sande Eftedal There is an increasing interest in ‘transfer under pressure’ (TUP) decompression in commercial diving, which bridges traditional surface-oriented diving and saturation diving. In TUP diving, the diver is surfaced in a closed bell and transferred isobarically to a pressure chamber for final decompression to surface pressure. Tables for air diving and air and oxygen decompression have been compared for total decompression time, oxygen breathing time, as well as high and low gradient factors (GF high and low). These have been considered surrogate outcome measures of decompression sickness.

Authors: Nicole YE Wong, Hanna van Waart, Jamie W Sleigh, Simon J Mitchell, Xavier CE Vrijdag Hypoxia can cause central nervous system dysfunction and injury. Hypoxia is a particular risk during rebreather diving. Given its subtle symptom profile and catastrophic consequences, there is a need for reliable hypoxia monitoring. Electroencephalography (EEG) is being investigated as a real-time monitor for multiple diving problems related to inspired gas, including hypoxia. A systematic literature search identified articles investigating the relationship between EEG changes and acute cerebral hypoxia in healthy adults. The quality of clinical evidence was assessed using the Newcastle- Ottawa scale.

Authors: Kartini Oxygen is a chemical substance needed by patients for treatment and/or the healing process. To maintain the availability of oxygen so that it is always in an effective and efficient amount, always ensure a safe condition. However, in practice, there are sometimes problems related to availability in the warehouse, such as vacancies. This is a descriptive, qualitative research study.

Authors: Pei Wang, Xiao-Yan Wang, Chang-Feng Man, Dan-Dan Gong, and Yu Fan In this article, the authors summarize that hyperbaric oxygen therapy regulates the tumor microenvironment through various pathways, such as improving tumor hypoxia,targeting hypoxia-inducing factors, and generating reactive oxygen species. The changes in the tumor microenvironment ultimately affect the curative effect of immunotherapy. Therefore, hyperbaric oxygen can influence immunotherapy by regulating the tumor microenvironment, providing a direction for the future development of immunotherapy.

Authors: Kevin L. Webb, Mich This work uses a mathematical model that couples pulmonary oxygen uptake with systemic oxygen utilization under conditions of high metabolic demand to investigate the effect of hemoglobin- oxygen affinity on oxygen uptake and utilization (VO2 max) max as a function of altitude.

Authors: Hisnindarsyah, Ahyar Wahyudi This article aims to explore the potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in enhancing fertility. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) is a medical procedure that involves inhaling pure oxygen (100%) within a chamber or room under pressure higher than normal atmospheric pressure, specifically over 1 absolute atmosphere (ATA), to accelerate and enhance the body's healing and recovery abilities. Under elevated atmospheric pressure, gaseous oxygen can dissolve more readily into the blood plasma. Research results suggest that HBOT holds potential in improving fertility due to endometrial receptivity issues and may also boost male fertility.

Authors: Diana Paskaleva, Vasilka Gyurova-Kancheva, Slavka Kacarova, Bozhidar Pilichev, Okean Kostov, Maria Bozhkova, Dimitar Penkov A 61-year-old man with severe pneumonia resulting from COVID-19 experienced persistent hypoxemia and dyspnea after the acute phase. Prescribed continuous oxygenation at home due to deteriorating general condition and quality of life. Undertook additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy, resulting in significant improvement after the 20th session.

38 - Proarrhythmic changes in human cardiomyocytes during hypothermia by milrinone and isoprenaline, but not levosimendan: an experimental in vitro study

Authors: Anders Lund Selli, Mohammadreza Ghasemi, Taylor Watters, Francis Burton, Godfrey Smith, and Erik Sveberg Dietrichs Accidental hypothermia, recognized by a core temperature below 35 °C, is a lethal condition with a mortality rate of up to 25%. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested levosimendan, milrinone, and isoprenaline as inotropic treatment strategies in this patient group. However, these drugs may pose an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias during hypothermia. The authors’ aim was, to describe the effects of levosimendan, milrinone, and isoprenaline on the action potential in human cardiomyocytes during hypothermia.

Authors: Simone Schiavo, Connor T. A. Brenna, Lisa Albertini, George Djaiani, Anton Marinov, Rita Katznelson Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has several hemodynamic effects, including an increase in afterload (due to vasoconstriction) and a decrease in cardiac output. This, along with rare reports of pulmonary edema during emergency treatment, has led providers to consider HBOT relatively contraindicated in patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study retrospectively reviews patients with pre-existing diagnoses of heart faiure who underwent elective HBOT to analyze HBOT-related acute heart faiure complications.

Authors: Desmond M. Connolly, leigh a. Madden, Victoria C. Edwards, timothy J. D’Oyly, stephen D. R. Harridge, thomas G. smith; Vivienne M. Lee Recent laboratory investigations of decompression sickness risk at 25,000 ft (7620 m) have enabled the evaluation of early pathophysiological responses to exertional decompression stress. In this study, 15 healthy men aged 20–50 years undertook two consecutive (same-day) ascents to 25,000 feet for 60 and 90 minutes, breathing 100% oxygen, each following 1 h of prior denitrogenation. Venous blood was sampled immediately after the second ascent, and the next morning.

Authors: Tolga AKIs, Nese ALKAN This study examined the predictors of the dynamic apnea performance of elite free diving athletes based on their actual championship performances as well as their speed in qualifications and finals. Athletes’ static apnea, dynamic apnea qualifications, and dynamic apnea finals performances in the 6th and 8th World, and the 3rd and 4th European Apnea Championships were examined

Authors: Feiko JM de Jong, Paul Brinkman, Thijs T Wingelaar, Pieter- Jan AM van Ooij, Robert A van Hulst Pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT), an adverse reaction to an elevated partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs, can develop as a result of prolonged hyperbaric hyperoxic conditions. Previous studies have identified several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath indicative of POT after various wet and dry hyperbaric hypoxic conditions, primarily in laboratory settings. This study examined VOCs after exposures to 81 metres of seawater by three navy divers during operational heliox diving.

Authors: Pauline Lallement, Alain Boussuges, Paul Habert, Julien Bermudez, Martine Reynaud-Gaubert, Stéphane Delliaux, Fabienne Bregeon, Benjamin Coiffard Computed tomography (CT) is routinely performed to assess dyspnea, but few data are evaluating diaphragmatic muscle using CT. This study aims to assess CT in the diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction. The authors retrospectively collected diaphragmatic ultrasounds performed between 2018 and 2021 at their centre (Marseille, France). 65 patients were included, 24 with diaphragmatic paralysis, 13 with diaphragmatic weakness, and 28 control subjects.

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01 - Systemi hypoxemia catalyzes cerebral oxidative-nitrosative stress during extreme apnea in humans: implications for cerebral bioenergetic function

Authors: Damian M. Bailey, Anthony R. Bain, Ryan L. Hoiland, Otto F. Barak, Ivan Drvis, Benjamin S. Stacey, Angelo Iannetelli, Gareth W. Davison, Rasmus H. Dahl, Ronan M.G. Berg, David B. MacLeod, Zeljko Dujic, & Philip N. Ainslie Voluntary asphyxia induced by apnea in competitive breath hold (BH) divers affords a unique opportunity to examine integrated mechanisms underlying the preservation of cerebral bioenergetic function. This study examined to what extent physiological extremes of oxygen (O2) demand and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) production impact redox homeostasis and corresponding red blood cell (RBC)-mediated cerebral vasodilation.

Authors: Sotiris P. Evgenidis, Thodoris D. Karapantsios I-VED, a new tool developed under a European Space Agency project using EU-patented technology, detects air bubbles in humans to prevent decompression sickness. It has been tested in vitro and is being prepared for in vivo testing. Using 3D simulations, researchers studied bubble behaviour in human arteries and found consistent patterns despite changes in artery size. These findings will help optimize I-VED for real-world usage.

08 - Performance of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems under Hyperbaric Conditions an Exploratory Study to Increase Diabetic Divers’ Safety

Authors: Philipp Herold, and Daniel Weh This study examined the accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems under hyperbaric conditions. It is suggested that diabetic divers can use CGM monitors to manage their glucose levels and prevent hypoglycemic events during dives. Dive guidelines could include the use of CGM monitors to enhance safety. The study supports the hypothesis that increased pressure and saltwater do not affect CGM functionality, recommending further research with more diverse sampling and detailed glucose measurement methods.

18 - Wavelet Analysis of Respiratory Muscle sEMG Signals during the Physiological Breakpoint of Static Dry End-Expiratory Breath- Holding in Naive Apneists: A Pilot Study

Authors: Natasa Z. Misic, Mirko Ostojic, Sasa Cvetkovic, Petar Miodragovic, Zdravko Anicic, Anita Kovacic Popovic, & Doede Stefanovic The authors analyzed the wavelet spectral characteristics of respiratory muscles (scalenus, parasternal intercostal, and rectus abdominis) and a locomotor muscle (brachioradialis) in the time-frequency domain during voluntary breath-holding in twelve healthy participants. This study suggests that analyzing muscle activity during breath-holding can achieve non-invasive assessment of muscle oxygenation and physical fitness.

19 - Does Decreased Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide Constitute a Risk of Decompression Sickness in Occupational Divers?

Authors: Brice Loddé, Marie-Agnès Giroux-Metges, Hubert Galinat, Hèlène Kerspern, Richard Pougnet, Philippe Saliou, François Guerrero, and Pierre Lafère This study investigated the relationship between reduced lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) and the physiological responses to diving in 15 professional divers. Several health parameters were measured. The results showed that divers with reduced DLCO had a delayed response to vascular gas embolism and higher levels of certain biomarkers compared to the control group. Although decompression sickness was not observed, the results suggest a potentially increased risk for divers with lower DLCO. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings.

Author: Marten Silvanus This study aims to improve decompression algorithms to boost diver safety and reduce decompression sickness by using probabilistic modeling. It also considers adjusting the oxygen regimen for inside attendants in long-duration hyperbaric oxygen therapy to enable safer and quicker decompression.

Authors: Kubra Canarslan-Demir, Kubra Ozgok-Kangal, Samet Kilic, Hakan Genc The authors aimed to observe the effect of diving on hearing function by comparing the audiometry of experienced divers with that of a non-diving control group. They also compared the hearing function of divers based on the number of years of diving and the number of dives. In conclusion, there was no evidence of a worsening effect of diving on hearing function in experienced divers. This is attributed to an increase in awareness of occupational safety, modern technology, protective measures, and more conservative dive profiles.

Author: Figen Aydin This paper documents the indications, outcomes, complications, and difficulties encountered during HBOT in a large cohort of pediatric patients and compares them with adult data in the literature. Out of the 329 pediatric patients, 254 completed treatment as planned, and 218 achieved treatment goals without complications. Two patients treated for carbon monoxide poisoning had neurological sequelae. Additionally, one patient with limb ischemia underwent amputation.

Authors: Abraham L Querido, Chiel F Ebbelaar, Thijs T Wingelaar This review addresses safety issues related to diving while taking psychotropic medication, noting the limited research and unclear reasons why divers on these medications continue to dive. The mechanisms of how these drugs work under increased pressure are not well understood. Currently, fitness-to-dive guidelines are based on limited evidence and expert opinions. The review emphasizes the need for evidence-based approaches to improve diver safety and patient care, providing insights for diving physicians assessing divers taking psychotropic drugs.

Publisher: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services This brief document explains the use of Dopplers in medical applications.

Authors: bigail G. Harrell, Stephen R. Thom, and C.Wyatt Shields Decompression sickness (DCS) is believed to be caused by nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues. However, the severity of DCS does not always correlate with the number of bubbles. The authors propose that high gas pressures could alter the behaviour of immune cells in the lung. Using lung-on-a-chip technology with human cells, researchers exposed the devices to various pressures and types of air. They found that immune cells responded within an hour, especially in normal air conditions, suggesting that immune responses at high pressures play a role in DCS.

Authors: Matteo Paganini, Giuseppe Cantarella, Danilo Cialoni, Ezio Giuffrè, & Gerardo Bosco As a diagnostic tool, ultrasound was first developed to explore anatomic areas in which standard radiography had limited applications and accuracy, such as the abdomen, the heart, arteries, and veins. Surprisingly, ultrasound has become a fundamental tool for clinicians. After creating portable apparatuses, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has implemented the traditional physical exam so that real-time insonation and interpretation allow the clinician to confirm or reject diagnostic hypotheses at the bedside.

Authors: Stephane Perrey, Valentina Quaresima, Marco Ferrari A significant number of articles have been published on the technical aspects of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), including signal interpretation. They highlight the advantages of using NIRS to measure the physiological status and workload of working muscles. The aim of this updated systematic review was to highlight the applications of muscle oximetry in assessing skeletal muscle oxidative performance during exercise and how this technology has been applied to exercise and training.

Authors: Jie-Fu Fan, Yang-Kai Wang, Min Liu, Guang-Sheng Liu, Tian-Jiao Min, Rui-Yong Chen, & Ying He This study investigated the effects of irradiation on decompression sickness (DCS) and the underlying mechanisms. It allowed the authors to witness whether irradiation increases the incidence and severity of DCS, particularly focusing on lung injury and related biological pathways. It details the research's methodology, results, and conclusions, highlighting the exacerbation of DCS outcomes due to irradiation and the involvement of the angiotensin system, oxidative stress, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

14 - The efficacy of hydrogen/oxygen therapy favored the recovery of omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infection: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

Authors: Meng-Meng Shi, Yun-Tian Chen, Xiao-Dan Wang, Yun- Feng Zhang, Ting Cheng, Hui Chen, Feng Sun, Hong Bao, Rong Chen, Wei-Ning Xiong, Yuan-Lin Song, Qing- Yun Li, and Jie-Ming Qu The authors of this study explored the efficacy of hydrogen/oxygen mixed inhalation therapy in aiding the recovery of patients infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. It demonstrates that hydrogen/oxygen therapy could be beneficial in reducing the duration of viral shedding, improving the negative conversion rate of the virus, decreasing IL-6 levels, increasing lymphocyte count, and resolving pulmonary lesions, thereby suggesting it as a potential adjuvant treatment for COVID- 19 patients.

Authors: Mohamed S. Imam, Ahmed Khalid Almutairi, Abdullah Mutrik Alhajri, Mishary Mosleh Alharby, Mohammed H. Alanazi, Ahmad G. Alotaibi, Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim This document presents a meta-analysis that evaluates the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) on diabetic foot ulcers. The analysis compares HBOT to standard treatment in terms of outcomes, including healed ulcers, adverse events, mortality, ulcer area reduction, amputation rates, and healing time. The text aims to convey that HBOT shows significant benefits in some areas (healed ulcers, adverse events, mortality, and ulcer area reduction) but not in others (amputation rates and healing time).

42 - The algorithm used for the calculation of gas exchange affects the estimation of O2 uptake kinetics at the onset of moderate-intensity exercise.

Authors: Maria Pia Francescato, Valentina Cettolo This document is a comparative analysis of two algorithms used to estimate the kinetic parameters of oxygen uptake during moderate-intensity exercise to determine how the 'Independent-breath' (IND) algorithm, which accounts for changes in lung gas stores, compares to the classical 'Expiration-only' (EXP) algorithm in terms of the time constant and mean response time of oxygen uptake. The results indicate that the IND algorithm yields faster mean response times and different time-constant behaviors compared to the EXP algorithm, suggesting that each algorithm provides a distinct perspective on the physiological processes occurring at the onset of exercise.

Authors: Hai-Rong Chen, Shi-Juan Lu, Qi Wang, Ming-Lan Li, Xun-Chun Chen, Bi-Yun Pan This document evaluates the clinical efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). It determines whether HBOT improves healing rates and reduces amputation rates in DFU patients while also assessing the incidence of adverse events and mortality associated with the therapy.

Authors: Harry B. Rossiter & David C. Poole This study explains the significance of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics in understanding muscle energetics, mitochondrial function, and exercise tolerance. It references the work of Brian J. Whipp and reviews by Poole & Jones (2012) and Rossiter (2011) to support the idea that the VO2 response, particularly during phase II, provides valuable insights into these physiological processes.

47 - Efficacy and Safety of Hydrogen Therapy in Patients with Early- Stage Interstitial Lung Disease: A Single-Center, Randomized, Parallel-Group Controlled Trial

Authors: Chang Tang, Lanting Wang, Zihua Chen, Jin Yang, Haiqing Gao, Chenggong Guan, Qiaozhi Gu, Shan He, Fanping Yang, Shengan Chen, Li Ma, Zhen Zhang, Ying Zhao, Lin Tang, Yu Xu, Yue Hu, Xiaoqun Luo This paper presents the findings of a clinical trial that investigated the efficacy and safety of hydrogen therapy compared to N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) therapy in patients with early-stage interstitial lung diseases (ILD) to determine whether hydrogen therapy is superior to NAC by evaluating changes in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and composite physiologic index (CPI) scores, as well as pulmonary function and adverse events. .