scientific-2023-c

Scientific papers 2023 - Part C

Authors: Hisnindarsyah, Ahyar Wahyudi This article aims to explore the potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in enhancing fertility. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) is a medical procedure that involves inhaling pure oxygen (100%) within a chamber or room under pressure higher than normal atmospheric pressure, specifically over 1 absolute atmosphere (ATA), to accelerate and enhance the body's healing and recovery abilities. Under elevated atmospheric pressure, gaseous oxygen can dissolve more readily into the blood plasma. Research results suggest that HBOT holds potential in improving fertility due to endometrial receptivity issues and may also boost male fertility.

Authors: Diana Paskaleva, Vasilka Gyurova-Kancheva, Slavka Kacarova, Bozhidar Pilichev, Okean Kostov, Maria Bozhkova, Dimitar Penkov A 61-year-old man with severe pneumonia resulting from COVID-19 experienced persistent hypoxemia and dyspnea after the acute phase. Prescribed continuous oxygenation at home due to deteriorating general condition and quality of life. Undertook additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy, resulting in significant improvement after the 20th session.

06 - Proarrhythmic changes in human cardiomyocytes during hypothermia by milrinone and isoprenaline, but not levosimendan: an experimental in vitro study

Authors: Anders Lund Selli, Mohammadreza Ghasemi, Taylor Watters, Francis Burton, Godfrey Smith, and Erik Sveberg Dietrichs Accidental hypothermia, recognized by a core temperature below 35 °C, is a lethal condition with a mortality rate of up to 25%. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested levosimendan, milrinone, and isoprenaline as inotropic treatment strategies in this patient group. However, these drugs may pose an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias during hypothermia. The authors’ aim was, to describe the effects of levosimendan, milrinone, and isoprenaline on the action potential in human cardiomyocytes during hypothermia.

Authors: Simone Schiavo, Connor T. A. Brenna, Lisa Albertini, George Djaiani, Anton Marinov, Rita Katznelson Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has several hemodynamic effects, including an increase in afterload (due to vasoconstriction) and a decrease in cardiac output. This, along with rare reports of pulmonary edema during emergency treatment, has led providers to consider HBOT relatively contraindicated in patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study retrospectively reviews patients with pre-existing diagnoses of heart faiure who underwent elective HBOT to analyze HBOT-related acute heart faiure complications.

Authors: Desmond M. Connolly, leigh a. Madden, Victoria C. Edwards, timothy J. D’Oyly, stephen D. R. Harridge, thomas G. smith; Vivienne M. Lee Recent laboratory investigations of decompression sickness risk at 25,000 ft (7620 m) have enabled the evaluation of early pathophysiological responses to exertional decompression stress. In this study, 15 healthy men aged 20–50 years undertook two consecutive (same-day) ascents to 25,000 feet for 60 and 90 minutes, breathing 100% oxygen, each following 1 h of prior denitrogenation. Venous blood was sampled immediately after the second ascent, and the next morning.

Authors: Tolga AKIs, Nese ALKAN This study examined the predictors of the dynamic apnea performance of elite free diving athletes based on their actual championship performances as well as their speed in qualifications and finals. Athletes’ static apnea, dynamic apnea qualifications, and dynamic apnea finals performances in the 6th and 8th World, and the 3rd and 4th European Apnea Championships were examined

Authors: Feiko JM de Jong, Paul Brinkman, Thijs T Wingelaar, Pieter- Jan AM van Ooij, Robert A van Hulst Pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT), an adverse reaction to an elevated partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs, can develop as a result of prolonged hyperbaric hyperoxic conditions. Previous studies have identified several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath indicative of POT after various wet and dry hyperbaric hypoxic conditions, primarily in laboratory settings. This study examined VOCs after exposures to 81 metres of seawater by three navy divers during operational heliox diving.

Authors: Pauline Lallement, Alain Boussuges, Paul Habert, Julien Bermudez, Martine Reynaud-Gaubert, Stéphane Delliaux, Fabienne Bregeon, Benjamin Coiffard Computed tomography (CT) is routinely performed to assess dyspnea, but few data are evaluating diaphragmatic muscle using CT. This study aims to assess CT in the diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction. The authors retrospectively collected diaphragmatic ultrasounds performed between 2018 and 2021 at their centre (Marseille, France). 65 patients were included, 24 with diaphragmatic paralysis, 13 with diaphragmatic weakness, and 28 control subjects.

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Publisher: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services This brief document explains the use of Dopplers in medical applications.

Authors: bigail G. Harrell, Stephen R. Thom, and C.Wyatt Shields Decompression sickness (DCS) is believed to be caused by nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues. However, the severity of DCS does not always correlate with the number of bubbles. The authors propose that high gas pressures could alter the behaviour of immune cells in the lung. Using lung-on-a-chip technology with human cells, researchers exposed the devices to various pressures and types of air. They found that immune cells responded within an hour, especially in normal air conditions, suggesting that immune responses at high pressures play a role in DCS.

Authors: Stephane Perrey, Valentina Quaresima, Marco Ferrari A significant number of articles have been published on the technical aspects of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), including signal interpretation. They highlight the advantages of using NIRS to measure the physiological status and workload of working muscles. The aim of this updated systematic review was to highlight the applications of muscle oximetry in assessing skeletal muscle oxidative performance during exercise and how this technology has been applied to exercise and training.

Authors: Mohamed S. Imam, Ahmed Khalid Almutairi, Abdullah Mutrik Alhajri, Mishary Mosleh Alharby, Mohammed H. Alanazi, Ahmad G. Alotaibi, Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim This document presents a meta-analysis that evaluates the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) on diabetic foot ulcers. The analysis compares HBOT to standard treatment in terms of outcomes, including healed ulcers, adverse events, mortality, ulcer area reduction, amputation rates, and healing time. The text aims to convey that HBOT shows significant benefits in some areas (healed ulcers, adverse events, mortality, and ulcer area reduction) but not in others (amputation rates and healing time).

12 - The algorithm used for the calculation of gas exchange affects the estimation of O2 uptake kinetics at the onset of moderate-intensity exercise.

Authors: Maria Pia Francescato, Valentina Cettolo This document is a comparative analysis of two algorithms used to estimate the kinetic parameters of oxygen uptake during moderate-intensity exercise to determine how the 'Independent-breath' (IND) algorithm, which accounts for changes in lung gas stores, compares to the classical 'Expiration-only' (EXP) algorithm in terms of the time constant and mean response time of oxygen uptake. The results indicate that the IND algorithm yields faster mean response times and different time-constant behaviors compared to the EXP algorithm, suggesting that each algorithm provides a distinct perspective on the physiological processes occurring at the onset of exercise.

Authors: Hai-Rong Chen, Shi-Juan Lu, Qi Wang, Ming-Lan Li, Xun-Chun Chen, Bi-Yun Pan This document evaluates the clinical efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). It determines whether HBOT improves healing rates and reduces amputation rates in DFU patients while also assessing the incidence of adverse events and mortality associated with the therapy.

Authors: Harry B. Rossiter & David C. Poole This study explains the significance of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics in understanding muscle energetics, mitochondrial function, and exercise tolerance. It references the work of Brian J. Whipp and reviews by Poole & Jones (2012) and Rossiter (2011) to support the idea that the VO2 response, particularly during phase II, provides valuable insights into these physiological processes.

19 - Efficacy and Safety of Hydrogen Therapy in Patients with Early- Stage Interstitial Lung Disease: A Single-Center, Randomized, Parallel-Group Controlled Trial

Authors: Chang Tang, Lanting Wang, Zihua Chen, Jin Yang, Haiqing Gao, Chenggong Guan, Qiaozhi Gu, Shan He, Fanping Yang, Shengan Chen, Li Ma, Zhen Zhang, Ying Zhao, Lin Tang, Yu Xu, Yue Hu, Xiaoqun Luo This paper presents the findings of a clinical trial that investigated the efficacy and safety of hydrogen therapy compared to N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) therapy in patients with early-stage interstitial lung diseases (ILD) to determine whether hydrogen therapy is superior to NAC by evaluating changes in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and composite physiologic index (CPI) scores, as well as pulmonary function and adverse events. .

10 - E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Update on Cancer Potential.

Authors: Rakesh Sahu, Kamal Shah, Rishabha Malviya, Deepika Paliwal, Sakshi Sagar, Sudarshan Singh, Bhupendra G. Prajapati, and Sankha Bhattacharya The purpose of this article is that E-cigarettes have replaced natural tobacco with many people working on diving and ROVs worksites due to many advantages such as their portability and the fact that they do not emit flammes, even though the fact they use batteries is to be taken into account. However, their use poses similar heath problems as natural tabacco.

01 - Physical Properties of Helium and Application in Respiratory Care

Authors: Eric Chappel Helium, a low-density, inert gas, is used in medical applications, particularly in respiratory care, as an adjunct therapy for severe upper airway obstruction and asthma. Kinetic theory calculations and simplified lung airways models support its benefits

02 - The Principle of Human Electric Shock and Several Main Types of Electric Shock

Authors: Shixin Lin This paper analyzes electric shock, its principles, types, and potential harm to the human body. It uses Multisim software to simulate lightning-induced electrocution, obtaining the necessary external resistance for safety. The study aims to increase public awareness of electric shock hazards and provide information on preventive measures. The simulation software improves accuracy and provides methods for further research on electric shock.

11 - Hydrogen Inhalation Reduces Lung Inflammation and Blood Pressure in the Experimental Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Author: Tatyana Kuropatkina, Dmitrii Atiakshin, Fedor Sychev, Marina Artemieva, Tatyana Samoilenko, Olga Gerasimova, Viktoriya Shishkina, Khaydar Gufranov, Natalia Medvedeva, Tyler W. LeBaron, and Oleg Medvedev Hydrogen has antioxidant properties and anti- inflammatory effects. A monocrotaline-induced model of pulmonary hypertension is suitable for studying antioxidant activity. Male Wistar rats were injected with monocrotaline or vehicle, and after 21 days, hydrogen inhalation reduced systemic blood pressure, TGF-B expression, and mast cell count. Hydrogen inhalation did not affect main pulmonary hypertension markers.

15 - Role of NMDA Receptor in High-Pressure Neurological Syndrome and Hyperbaric Oxygen Toxicity

Author: Alice Bliznyuk, and Yoram Grossman Professional divers and those using closed-circuit breathing apparatus face high-pressure neurological syndrome (HPNS) and hyperbaric oxygen toxicity (HBOTx) due to reversible CNS hyperexcitability and cognitive and motor deficits. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) plays a crucial role in provoking these syndromes. Future research should focus on developing neuroprotection against HPNS and HBOTx by removing resting Zn2+ voltage-independent inhibition.

16 - Rapture of the deep: gas narcosis may impair decision-making in scuba divers

Author: Pauliina A Ahti, Jan Wikgren A study found that gas narcosis may affect decision- making in scuba divers at 30 meters depth, despite its presence at shallow depths. The study used underwater tablets equipped with the Iowa Gambling Task to evaluate impairment in decision-making. Divers at 30 meters scored lower in the task than those at 5 meters. The findings suggest that gas narcosis may affect decision-making in scuba divers at 30 meters depth, supporting previous studies showing its presence at shallow depths.