first aid_2022-now

First aid 2022 - Now

Authors: Álvaro Astasio-Picado, Paula Cobos-Moreno, Beatriz Gómez-Martín, María del Carmen Zabala-Baños, and Claudia Aranda-Martín. The objective of this systematic bibliographic review is to update the theoretical and practical knowledge and strategies for the insertion and proper management of the intraosseous route as an emergency vascular access for nursing professionals.

NCCD is a compact, lightweight chest compression device to be used as a substitute to manual chest compression during CPR. NCCD is powered by compressed gas, and designed for use in hyperbaric environments. This equipment is described in logistics/medical equipment/NUI - Compact Chest Compression Device (NCCD https://diving-rov-specialists.com/medical-equip.htm

Authors: Ronal Surya Aditya, Ah Yusuf, Fitriana Kurniasari Solikhah, Setyo Budi Kurniawan, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah This document discusses research aimed at understanding nurses' experience assisting patients on stretchers using commercial flights in Indonesia.

Authors: Jianxun Li, Haoxin Fu, Kin Keung Lai, and Bhagwat Ram The mobile emergency system is a new emergency mode that provides a solution to deal with increasingly frequent sudden disasters by reasonably allocating mobile emergency facilities and optimizing the allocation of mobile emergency materials. The authors consider mobile emergency cost and mobile emergency time as two objective functions. This paper establishes a multi-objective mobile emergency material allocation model, and transforms the multi- objective.

Authors: Kara D. Wyatt, Neha N. Goel, and Jessica S. Whittle High flow nasal oxygen is a relatively new option for treating patients with respiratory failure, which decreases the work of breathing, improves the tidal volume, and modestly increases positive end-expiatory pressure. Despite well-described physiologic benefits, the clinical impact of high flow nasal oxygen is still under investigation. In this article, the authors review the most recent findings on the clinical efficacy of high flow nasal oxygen in Type I, II, III, and IV respiratory failure within adult and pediatric patients.

Authors: Seong-Yong Jeong, Young Kook Moon, Joseph Wang, & Jong-Heun Lee Accurately detecting and identification of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, highly toxic pollutants, are essential for assessing indoor and outdoor air quality and protecting humans from their sources. However, real-time and on- site monitoring of aromatic hydrocarbons has been limited by insufficient sensor selectivity. Addressing the issue, bilayer oxide chemiresistors are developed using Rh–SnO2 gas-sensing films and catalytic CeO2 overlayers for rapidly and cost-effectively detecting traces of aromatic hydrocarbons in a highly discriminative and quantitative manner, even in gas mixtures.

Publisher: US Federal Aviation Administration This document from the US Federal Aviation Administration was initially designed for personnel working in airline companies. Commercial diving companies and divers can use it to understand which formation this personnel may have or may not have.

Authors: Joost Bierens, Janet Bray, Cristian Abelairas-Gomez, Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Stephen Beerman, Andreas Claesson, Cody Dunne, Tatsuma Fukuda, Muralidharan Jayashree, Anthony T Lagina, Lei Li j, Tom Mecrow, Patrick Morgan, Andrew Schmidt, Jeroen Seesink, Justin Sempsrott, David Szpilman, Ogilvie Thom, Joshua Tobin, Jonathon Webber, Samantha Johnson, Gavin D Perkins, on behalf of International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation BLS/AED Task Force The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, in collaboration with drowning researchers from around the world, aimed to review the evidence addressing seven key resuscitation interventions.

13 - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation during hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a comprehensive review and recommendations for practice

Authors: Jan Schmitz, Felix Liebold, Jochen Hinkelbein, Sophia Nöhl, Serge Thal, and Timur Sellmann Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) presents unique challenges due to limited access to patients in cardiac arrest (CA) and the distinct physiological conditions present during hyperbaric therapy. Despite these challenges, guidelines specifically addressing CPR during HBOT are lacking. This review aims to consolidate the available evidence and offer recommendations for clinical practice in this context.

15 - Delivering manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a diving bell: an analysis of head-to-chest and knee-to-chest compression techniques

Authors: Graham Johnson, Philip Bryson, Nicholas Tilbury, Benjamin McGregor , Alistair Wesson, Gareth D Hughes, Gareth R Hughes, Andrew Tabner Chest compression often cannot be administered using conventional techniques in a diving bell. Multiple alternative techniques are taught, including head-to-chest and both prone and seated knee-to-chest compressions, but there are no supporting efficacy data. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety and sustainability of these techniques.

16 - An evaluation of the NUI Compact Chest Compression Device (NCCD), a mechanical CPR device suitable for use in the saturation diving Environment

Authors: Andrew Tabner, Philip Bryson, Nicholas Tilbury, Benjamin McGregor, Alistair Wesson, Gareth R Hughes, Gareth D Hughes, Graham Johnson Provision of manual chest compressions in a diving bell using a conventional technique is often impossible, and alternative techniques are poorly evidenced in terms of efficacy and sustainability. The first mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) device suitable for use in this environment, the NUI Compact Chest Compression Device (NCCD), has recently been designed and manufactured. This study assessed both the efficacy of the device in delivering chest compressions to both prone and seated manikins, and the ability of novice users to apply and operate it.

21 - The Impact of Inotropes and Vasopressors on Cerebral Oxygenation in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Narrative Review.

Authors: Michele Salvagno, Federico Geraldini, Giacomo Coppalini, Chiara Robba, Elisa Gouvea Bogossian, Filippo Annoni, Eva Vitali, Elda Diletta Sterchele, Costantino Balestra, and Fabio Silvio Taccone Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are critical neurological conditions that necessitate specialized care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Managing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) is of primary importance in these patients. To maintain targeted MAP and CPP, vasopressors and/or inotropes are commonly used. However, their effects on cerebral oxygenation are not fully understood. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to date review regarding the current uses and pathophysiological issues related to the use of vasopressors and inotropes in TBI and SAH patients.

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Authors: Julang Fahman, Wilson Kores, Olivia Jeany Darmawan Adji Saroso, Valerie Christianto, Cindytia Rosalina Putri Djojomartono, Hosea Glory, Billie Edgara Herijanto, Naftali Intania Kristianti Kosasih, Jonathan Abdiel Caesar Nainggolan, Satria Budi Nugraha, Gabriella Putri Sabrina, Edeline Samudra This handbook offers essential guidance on recognizing and handling common injuries and emergencies, as well as performing basic life support through cardiopulmonary resuscitation for non-professionals. Understanding that many find it challenging to manage such situations, the handbook includes straightforward, clear explanations complemented by helpful images to enhance learning and retention

Authors: Björn Jüttner, Christian Wölfel, Holger Schöppenthau, Johannes Meyne, Carmen Wohlrab, Henning Werr, Till Klein, Giso Schmeißer, Karsten Theiß, Philipp Wolf, Oliver Müller, Thorsten Janisch, Johannes Naser, Susanne Blödt, Cathleen, Muche-Borowski The S2k guidelines offer advice on diagnosing and treating diving accidents. The treatment protocols for breath-hold divers, children, and adolescents are similar.

Authors: Christian Zanza , Francesco Saglietti, Gabriele Savioli, Davide Maria Biancone, Mario Balzanelli, Benedetta Giordano, Anna Chiara Trompeo, Yaroslava Longhitano This document is a comparative analysis of intranasal (IN) analgesia versus conventional methods (intravenous, oral, and intramuscular) for managing acute pain in the Emergency Department (ED), which aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and potential advantages of IN analgesia, particularly focusing on drugs like fentanyl and ketamine. Its authors also discuss the incidence and severity of adverse events and the need for rescue analgesia, concluding that IN analgesia could be a viable, non- invasive, and effective alternative for pain management in various clinical situations.

Authors: Alberto Gabrieli, Caterina Barberi, Caterina Compostella, , Michela Azzolini, Andrea Butturini, Gabriele Larger, Lara Boldo, Matteo Paganini, Roberta Levato, Andrea Ventura This paper discusses the challenges and solutions related to the recognition and treatment of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST) in prehospital settings, highlighting a specific case in the Italian Alps to illustrate the importance of effective communication and coordination among different components of the healthcare system. It also suggests potential operational changes, such as creating antidote networks and improving protocols, training, and communication to enhance the management of LAST in emergency situations.

Authors: Midas N. de Grunt, Bianca de Jong, Markus W. Hollmann, Milan L. Ridderikhof, and Robert P. Weenink This paper discusses alternative analgesic options for trauma patients in emergency care that have a fast onset and can be administered through non-intravenous routes. It also highlights the need for further research in this area.

Authors: Matteo Paganini, Hamdi Lamine, Francesco Della Corte, Ives Hubloue, Luca Ragazzoni, Francesco Barone-Adesi This study aims to identify factors contributing to the increased demand for emergency care during heatwaves using a Delphi method involving experts to reach a consensus on statements related to patient processing, stakeholder identification, and potential interventions. The findings are intended to inform future solutions to enhance emergency healthcare resilience and reduce disaster risk associated with climate change.

29 - Comparison of the utilization of disaster medical assistance teams and multiple physician-staffed helicopters in mass casualty responses

Authors: Youichi Yanagawa , Akio Kanda, Hiroki Nagasawa, Hiromichi Ohsaka, and Kazuhiko Omori This authors of this paper analyze and compare the roles and effectiveness of doctor helicopters (DHs) and disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs) in responding to mass casualty incidents in Shizuoka Prefecture to understand their respective contributions and operational differences based on past incidents and current practices.

30 - Heatwaves Impact on Prehospital Emergency Medicine: A Qualitative Study to Improve Sustainability and Disaster Preparedness in Veneto Region, Northern Italy

Authors: Matteo Paganini, Nikolaos Markou-Pappas, Francesco Della Corte, Paolo Rosi, Giulio Trillò, Marialuisa Ferramosca, Andrea Paoli, Federico Politi, Adriano Valerio, Andrea Favaro, Ives Hubloue, Luca Ragazzoni, Francesco Barone- Adesi, and Hamdi Lamine This paper presents the findings of a multicentric study that explores the interactions between heatwaves and prehospital emergency medicine (PHEM) in the Veneto Region of Northern Italy to identify how heatwaves impact emergency healthcare systems and to propose strategies for mitigating these effects. It highlights the perspectives of PHEM personnel on the challenges posed by heatwaves and suggests interventions to improve emergency medical service (EMS) capacity and preparedness.

17 - Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Emergency Medicine

Author: Christian Zanza, Francesco Saglietti, Manfredi Tesauro, Yaroslava Longhitano, Gabriele Savioli, Mario Giosuè Balzanelli, Tatsiana Romenskaya, Luigi Cofone, Ivano Pindinello, Giulia Racca, and Fabrizio Racca Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) causes acute respiratory failure from fluid in the lung’s alveolar spaces due to high cardiac pressure. Cardiac diseases can lead to CPE, with factors like inflammation and cell damage contributing to its development. Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical exam, and tests like chest radiographs. Treatment includes non-invasive ventilation, diuretics, and inotropes for symptoms, with additional options for resistant cases. This paper reviews CPE's causes, symptoms, and management.

Authors: Sanjay Kalra, Atul Dhingra, Kumar Abhisheka, Nitin Kapoor This communication discusses psychological first aid in diabetes management. It is defined as support, counselling, and education that helps improve coping skills and self-care for those with diabetes. Healthcare providers should be able to give effective psychological first aid.

27 - Psychological First Aid

28 - First aid training using virtual reality

Authors: Burapa Phatichon and Chantana Chantrapornchai This work explores using virtual reality (VR) to teach first aid training. VR creates realistic training experiences. Its authors developed interactive first aid lessons with the Unity engine, featuring hands-on exercises and tests. Fourteen learners rated the lessons with an average of 9. 1 satisfaction. Knowledge scores increased by 35%, and practical test scores improved by 22%, showing the application’s effectiveness.

34 - Portable oxygen breathing apparatus integrated with biosensors: Enabling intelligent monitoring and optimal oxygen provision for biomechanical homeostasis.

Authors: Honghao Zhang A portable oxygen breathing apparatus is a lightweight gadget that provides extra oxygen while traveling, essential for energy production in cells. It helps patients with respiratory issues maintain therapy and improves their daily lives. Poor assessment can lead to low oxygen availability, causing potential cell damage. This study introduces an intelligent portable oxygen device integrated with biosensors that adjusts oxygen delivery based on activity levels, ensuring precise patient monitoring. The new system shows a high accuracy rate of 98. 4%, representing a major advancement in portable oxygen therapy.

35 - Exploring knowledge of first aid in epistaxis—25 years on

Authors: Henry DunneI, Michael Abouabdallah, Joseph Roscamp, Samuel Birks, Kate Mcgibbon, Sam Dewhurst, David Strachan, Rishi Sharma A 1998 survey demonstrated widespread ignorance of correct first aid amongst the public with only 11% of respondents applying correct first aid techniques. The authors repeated and expanded the 1998 study to investigate whether understanding of correct first aid in epistaxis amongst the public and emergency department staff has improved in the last 25 years.

36 - Understanding First Aid Skills in Emergency Situations: A Literature Review.

Author: Irfanita Nurhidayah, Aklima , Riski Amalia, Mariatul Kiftia Injuries can lead to emergencies and serious harm if not managed well. Early emergency skills are essential to prevent worsening conditions. This study reviews literature on understanding basic first aid in emergencies. It found knowledge levels range from poor to moderate.

22 - Advances in Respiratory Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review of Wearable and Remote Technologies

Author: Diana Vitazkova, Erik Foltan, Helena Kosnacova, Michal Micjan, Martin Donoval, Anton Kuzma, Martin Kopani, and Erik Vavrinsky This article discusses the role of wearable and remote technologies in healthcare, particularly for continuous monitoring. It reviews various devices, from traditional chest belts to advanced bioamplifiers that track breathing. The research also covers innovative methods like seismocardiography, ballistocardiography, and remote camera recordings, along with acoustic techniques and breath gas analysis. There is increasing interest from researchers, as shown by the growing number of related publications, which our manuscript summarizes.

24 - Reported outcome measures in necrotising soft tissue infections: a systematic review.

Author: Jonathan Wackett, Bridget Devaney, Raymond Chau, Joshua Ho, Nicholas King, Jasleen Grewal, Joshua Armstrong, Biswadev Mitra There are inconsistencies in reporting outcomes for patients with necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTI). This study aimed to evaluate these reported measures to create a core outcome set. A systematic review of NSTI literature from 2010 to 2020 identified 375 studies with 311 outcome measures. Most commonly reported measures included mortality, hospital stay length, and amputations. The findings emphasize the need for a standardized core outcome set.

37 - Risks to the clinician of risk management: recalled and anticipated consequences of decision-making

Author: Alexander Challinor, Sahil Bhandari, Sean Boyle, Mark Gabbay, , Pete Wilson, Pooja Saini, and Rajan Nathan The study highlights that real-world clinical decision- making in mental health is influenced by concerns about potential threats to clinicians from adverse incidents. It aims to understand the recalled and anticipated consequences faced by mental health professionals when making decisions under uncertainty. Focus groups with various mental health practitioners revealed that consequences are mostly negative and perceived as originating from peer scrutiny, organizational leadership, and patient safety systems.

38 - Muscle regeneration is improved by hot water immersion but unchanged by cold following a simulated musculoskeletal injury in humans

Authors: Valentin Dablainville, Adèle Mornas, Tom Normand- Gravier, Maha Al-Mulla, Emmanouil Papakostas, Bruno Olory, Theodorakys Marin Fermin, Frantzeska Zampeli, Nelda Nader, Marine Alhammoud, Freya Bayne, Anthony M. J. Sanchez, Marco Cardinale, Robin Candau, Henri Bernardi, and Sébastien Racinais Cryotherapy is commonly used for treating muscle injuries, but its effects on muscle recovery are unclear. This study examined how three thermal treatments—cold, thermoneutral, and hot water immersion—affect muscle healing. Results showed that hot water immersion reduced pain and muscle damage markers better than other methods, while cold water immersion did not help recovery.

39 - Core outcome set for research in necrotising soft tissue infection patients: an international, multidisciplinary, modified Delphi consensus tudy

Author: Bridget Devaney, Jonathan PC Wackett, Nicola Ma, Amanda Nguyen, Vikash Yogaraj, Morten Hedetoft, Ole Hyldegaard, Aidan Burrell, Biswadev Mitra Necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTI) cause significant health issues and require consistent outcome reporting in studies. Researchers aimed to establish core outcome measures using a survey of clinicians and patients. The survey identified five key areas for consensus: death, surgical procedures, functional outcomes, sepsis measures, and resource use.

Authors: Kathryn J. Chalmers, Alyssia Rossetto, Nicola J. Reavley, Anthony F. Jorm, Betty A. Kitchener, Claire M. Kelly, Amy J. Morgan, Kathy S. Bond, and Fairlie A. Cottrill Panic attacks and panic disorder significantly affect mental health, increasing the risk of developing further disorders. Early intervention during such attacks can mitigate adverse outcomes. This study redevelops the 2009 mental health first aid guidelines for addressing panic attacks to incorporate current evidence and best practices. Using the Delphi consensus method, experts and individuals with lived experience identified essential helping strategies, resulting in a comprehensive set of 83 endorsements that expand on recognizing and responding to panic attacks, compared to 27 in the previous guidelines.

Authors: Sihvo Minna, Hiltunen Leena, and Karkkainen Tommi This article reviews the effectiveness of first aid training by evaluating various measurement systems that assess practical skills, knowledge, and emotional perspectives of trainees. It synthesizes findings from 15 selected studies published between 2000 and 2020, highlighting that while skills, particularly in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), are regularly assessed, there is a lack of standardization in methodologies for evaluating knowledge and emotional aspects of first aid readiness. The conclusion emphasizes the need for more comprehensive and standardized evaluation methods across all areas of first aid training.

Authors: Sudip Bhattacharya, Saurabh Varshney, and Amarjeet Singh The article discusses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), highlighting their evolution from military tools to versatile devices used in various fields, including their potential application in emergency medicine. While their usage spans diverse sectors such as environmental monitoring and road safety, the exploration of UAVs in emergency medical services remains limited. The article examines the advantages, challenges, and future research directions necessary to integrate UAVs effectively into emergency medicine.

Authors: Claude Jacques Chambriard, Sérgio Augusto, Lopes de Souza The scope of this article is to describe death from brain injury, resulting from a deceleration mechanism, which occurred when diving and leading to facial trauma. Research was conducted in the literature and there is no report of this type of trauma triggering encephalic lesion (brain injury). In the literature search, only cervical lesions caused by diving were found.

Authors: Siri Idland, Jo Kramer-Johansen, Håkon Kvåle Bakke, Milada Hagen, Kristin Tønsager, Hans- Christian Stoud Platou, and Magnus Hjortdahl The article investigates the effectiveness of background video streaming in emergency medical communication centers (EMCC) during calls about injured patients. A study conducted in Norway from November 2021 to February 2023 compared cases utilizing video streaming with those relying solely on audio communication. Results indicated that video streaming significantly enhanced dispatchers’ ability to recognize first aid needs, while the overall quality of bystander first aid showed no major improvement.

31 - Determination of Basic Needs Satisfaction of Students Studying in the Department of First and Emergency Aid

Author: Ilknur Yucel This study investigates the satisfaction of basic needs among first-year students in the First and Emergency Aid program at a foundation university. Conducted between November 2022 and April 2023, the research involved 93 students, predominantly female. Data was collected through a personalized questionnaire and a standardized scale. Using SPSS for analysis, the study revealed that most participants successfully met their basic needs. Key findings included no significant differences in means related to demographics or lifestyle factors, though a weak negative relationship was noted between age and satisfaction related to peer relationships.

32 - Hypothermia: Pathophysiology and the propensity for infection

Authors: Lacie M. Werner, Richard T. Kevorkian, Derese Getnet, Kariana E. Rios, Dawn M. Hull, Paul M. Robben, Robert J. Cybulski, Alexander G. Bobrov This paper addresses the complications of managing hypothermia alongside infections, particularly in military and extreme cold settings. It highlights how hypothermia alters the immune response, increasing the risk and progression of infections such as skin and soft tissue infections and sepsis. The piece emphasizes the need for better understanding the interactions between hypothermia and infection, and advocates for improved treatment protocols tailored for hypothermic patients to enhance overall trauma management and survival rates.

33 - 2024 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid

Author: Elizabeth K. Hewett Brumberg et al. This article presents a comprehensive update on first aid treatment guidelines co-developed by the American Heart Association and the American Red Cross, marking the first significant revision since 2010. The updated guidelines, informed by evidence reviews from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, cover a range of medical and traumatic conditions and stress the importance of adapting educational methods to local demographic needs. Key updates include significant revisions on topics like opioid overdose, bleeding control, and conditions requiring specific guidance for pediatric patients.

40 - Relevance of anatomical knowledge in first aid A three-year study of medical students’ perspective.

Authors: Aiman Al Sharei, Mustafa S. Yousuf, Bashar I. Almaraziq, Rand Dawoud, Shahd Iqneibi, Leen Tayeh, Dua’a Alzboon, Salem Al-Dwairy This study aimed to examine the correlation between medical students’ performance in anatomy and first-aid courses, as well as to evaluate their perceptions regarding the significance of anatomical knowledge for effective first- aid delivery. Utilizing two online surveys over three academic years, the findings demonstrated a substantial link between anatomy knowledge and first-aid performance. However, while initial student attitudes were positive, a subsequent assessment revealed a decline in their perceived significance of anatomy in first-aid training, indicating potential areas for improvement in teaching methods.

41 - Lung-protective ventilation strategy in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a critical reappraisal of current practice

Author: Kwang Joo Park The article discusses the evolution of lung-protective ventilation strategies in managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), emphasizing the significance of low tidal volume (VT) ventilation. While pivotal trials have established the benefits of a VT of 6 mL/kg, widespread adherence remains contentious due to methodological limitations and variability in patient characteristics. The article advocates for a more individualized approach to VT settings based on lung mechanics and overall patient condition, rather than a one-size-fits-all strategy, to improve outcomes in ARDS patients.