Scientific papers 2026
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02 - Therapeutic Potential of GYY4137 in Reducing Oxidative Stress and Mortality in Experimental Decompression Sickness - Published by Nature
Authors: Lucile Daubresse, Marion Marlinge, Hélène Lavner, Julia-Sophie Dodivers, Alexandrine Bertaud, Simon Lledo, Samantha Conte, Julien Fromonot, Marguerite Gastaldi, Jean Jacques Risso, Jean Claude Rostain, Jean Eric Blatteau, Nicolas Vallee, Régis Guieu & Regis Guieu This study focuses on decompression sickness (DCS) and its biological processes, including bubble formation and oxidative stress. Researchers examined the effects of GYY4137, a compound that donates hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and has antioxidant properties, in mice. Sixty mice received either GYY4137 or saline before undergoing rapid decompression. GYY4137 improved survival rates and reduced oxidative stress without significantly altering certain enzyme activities, suggesting that H2S may protect against DCS.
03 - Review of excursion procedures used in commercial heliox saturation diving - Published by Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine
Authors: Jean-Pierre Imbert, Lyubisa Matity, Jean-Yves Massimelli, Christian Cadieux, Jan Risberg, Philip Bryson This study reviews heliox-saturation procedures used in offshore commercial diving, with a focus on bell-excursion dives. It excludes initial compression and final decompression. Its first objective is to trace the history and the reasons behind the successive changes that led to the current practices. Its second objective is to review current practice, identify problem areas, and outline future perspectives.
01 - Pathophysiology of Decompression Sickness: Current Insights and Emerging Models - Published by Akademica Platforma Czasopism
Authors: Jakub Miarczynski, Szymon Gorski, Joanna Okupniarek, Michalina Bartosik, Igor Jetasiewicz, Michał Oborski, Krzysztof Oborski This article reviews decompression sickness pathophysiology by integrating classical concepts of inert gas supersaturation and bubble formation with modern vascular models. Emphasis is placed on endothelial dysfunction, impaired nitric oxide signaling, inflammatory/coagulation pathways, and circulating microparticles. It provides an integrated framework to explain clinical variability and guide risk stratification, prevention, and therapies.
06 - Molecular Determinants of CaV2.1 Channel Regulation by Calcium-binding Protein-1 - Published by The Journal of Biological Society
Authors: Alexandra P. Few, Evanthia Nanou, Todd Scheuer, and William A. Catterall Presynaptic CaV 2.1 channels initiate synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Their regulation by calmodulin (CaM) influences short-term synaptic plasticity, including facilitation and depression. CaM-like Ca2+ sensor (CaS) proteins, such as calcium-binding protein-1 (CaBP1), further modulate this plasticity. This study identifies the N- terminal domain (including its myristoylation site) and the second EF-hand of CaBP1 as key determinants of its differential regulation of CaV 2.1 channels. These findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CaS proteins diversify short-term synaptic plasticity.
04 - A methodological framework for validating a multi-domain physiological sensor for divers using a scalable data fusion Platform - Published by Frontiers
Authors: Paul Beatty, Marshall Tumperi, Harrison Nguyen, Danielle Howe, Paul Hage, Robert Wilson, Bryndan Lindsey, Jade Kandel, Brett Collar, Sara Gravelyn, Gregory Fulmer, Kinjal Sethuraman, and Austin Veith Divers face significant physiological hazards with poorly understood mechanisms due to limitations in underwater monitoring technologies. This article introduces a methodology to evaluate a novel physiological sensor for both land-based and underwater use. Human testing was conducted in three environments: dry normobaric, dry hyperbaric, and shallow water immersion. A custom ROS 2-based data acquisition platform enabled synchronized analysis of multiple data streams, offering a scalable framework for validating such sensors.
05 - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Versus Intravenous Thrombolysis in the Treatment of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Published by MDPI
Authors: Anas Bakdalieh, Dawood Siddiqui, Ding-Geng Chen, and Minzhong Yu This meta-analysis of 25 observational studies (781 CRAO patients) found both HBOT and IVT improved BCVA similarly (MD −0.57 vs −0.53 logMAR), with clinically meaningful gains in 45.8% and 42.0% of cases. Adverse event rates were comparable (11.3% vs 10.2%) but differed in type. Findings support both therapies yet highlight the need for powered comparative trials due to heterogeneity.
07 - Therapeutic Potential of GYY4137 in Reducing Oxidative Stress and Mortality in Experimental Decompression Sickness - Published by Scientific Reports (Nature)
Authors: Alexandra P. Few, Evanthia Nanou, Todd Scheuer, and William A. Catterall The pathophysiology of decompression sickness (DCS) involves endothelial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production beyond bubble formation. This study assessed GYY4137, an H2S donor with antiradical properties, in mice exposed to experimental DCS. GYY4137 significantly improved survival (LD50 of 120 m vs. <100 m for saline; p = 0.038) and reduced redox potential (RP: 116 mV vs. 150 mV for saline; p = 0.04). While ADA and XO activities remained unaffected, DCS itself increased RP. The findings suggest GYY4137 protects mice by lowering RP and ROS production, indicating that reducing redox potential via H2S donors may decrease DCS mortality.
08 - When Humans Obey AI: Development of the Obedience to Artificial Intelligence Scale and a Dual-Pathway Motivational Framework of Obedience to AI - Published by OSF (Center for Open Science)
Authors: Gabriel R. Lau, Eddie M. W. Tong, Andree Hartanto This research develops and validates the 10-item Obedience to AI Scale across six studies, conceptualizing obedience as perceiving AI as legitimate authority and deferring via conformity-submission and dominance- exploitation pathways. The scale shows a two-factor structure with strong reliability convergent/discriminant validity, sex invariance, and links to lower openness / agreeableness, higher Dark Triad traits, anthropomorphism, and reduced critical thinking. Behavioral evidence from a GPT-4o chatbot paradigm shows higher obedience predicts greater dishonesty when instructed to cheat, offering a tool to examine ethical implications in human-AI interactions.
09 - Changes in liver and lung antioxidant and mitochondrial biogenesis gene expression in decompression sickness resistant rats - Published by Physiological Genomics (The American Physiological Society)
Authors: Emmanuel Dugrenot, Emmanuel Gouin, François Guerrero, and Anthony Guernec DCS susceptibility varies widely with unclear origins. Using selectively bred resistant rats, baseline expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant genes was examined in lungs and liver without hyperbaric exposure via qRT-PCR and ANOVA. No lung differences were found, but liver expression was significantly lower in resistant rats (except Pgc1a), consistent with prior reductions in citrate synthase activity and oxygen consumption. This implicates hepatic mitochondrial function in DCS resistance via decreased activity and ROS production.
10 - Gas exchange and pulmonary stress variations during SCUBA and breath-hold diving in open seawater - Published by The Journal of Physiology (Wiley)
Authors: Matteo Paganini, Tommaso Antonio Giacon, Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Luca Martani, Danilo Cialoni, Lorenzo Zucchi, Vincenzo Maffei, Rosario Cifali, Mariano Marmo, Enrico M Camporesi, Richard E Moon, and Gerardo Bosco This study assessed pulmonary gas exchange via arterial blood gases, lung ultrasound, and glycocalyx markers (SDC-1, HS) in SCUBA and breath-hold divers (BHDs) at sea. In 10 SCUBA divers at 15-40 msw, PaO2 rose as predicted. In 12 BHDs, PaO2 increased at depth but fell on surfacing, with some lacking hyperoxaemia. Ultrasound was normal at 15 msw but showed post-dive interstitial oedema or pleural irregularities in most divers. Elevated SDC-1/HS indicated endothelial stress, likely causing pulmonary fluid accumulation.
11 - Systematic evaluation of cerebral injury stimulating by underwater infrasound - Published by Frontiers
Authors: Xia Liu, Tao Shan, Li Wang, Yuewen Ding, Guolin Cui, Xi Kang, Zeyu Si, Zhennan Wang, Yaozong Pan, Chunying Shi, and Yiqun Fang This study evaluated cerebral injury in Bama mini pigs exposed to underwater infrasound (8, 12, 20 Hz) at 10 m depth. Assessments included EEG, histological staining, ELISA for oxidative stress, and RNA sequencing. Results showed 8 Hz altered EEG in some regions without histological damage, while 12 and 20 Hz induced immediate injury, reduced neuron density, and increased apoptosis. No oxidative stress changes occurred. Transcriptome analysis revealed immune and apoptosis pathway activation, providing direct evidence of adverse brain effects from underwater infrasound.
12 - Do Different Durations of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Affect the Microleakage of Bulk-Fill Composites? - Published by MDPI
Authors: Cemile Kedici Alp, Sena Sumra Kaçmaz, Aysenur Yazım, Zeynep Aydin, and Recep Özkan This in vitro study assessed microleakage at the dentin- composite interface in 192 molars restored with SonicFill or Filtek One Bulk Fill after 5, 20, or 40 days at 2.4 ATA versus 1 atm controls. Dye penetration tests showed no significant differences at 5 or 20 days. After 40 days, hyperbaric exposure caused significantly higher microleakage that increased over time, unlike atmospheric controls. Both materials showed similar susceptibility to pressure-related deterioration.
13 - Characteristics and Prognostic Analysis in Diving-Induced Ear Trauma and Sudden Hearing Loss - Published by MDPI
Authors: Ting-Chun Yi, Tsu-Hsuan Weng, and Hsin-Chien Chen This retrospective study of 30 patients examined diving- related Inner ear barotrauma (IEB) and inner ear decompression sickness (IEDCS). Deeper dives (>30 m) correlated with severe symptoms including sudden sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo, whereas shallow dives produced milder, transient effects. Patients with concurrent DCS showed poorer recovery after hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Vertigo occurred in 80% of IEB and 67% of IEDCS cases. IEB generally had better auditory outcomes than IEDCS, especially with middle-ear symptoms, though diagnostic uncertainty limits conclusions. Larger studies are required to refine prognostic indicators.
14 - A gradient-based optimization model for predicting decompression sickness risk - Published by Frontiers
Authors: Sergio Rhein Schirato, Massimo Pieri, Riccardo Pelliccia, Alessandro Marroni, Costantino Balestra, and Jose Guilherme Chaui-Berlinck This study proposes a gradient-based optimization model to predict DCS probability, trained on 924 US Navy dive profiles across five tissue compartments targeting predefined risks (2.3% and 4%). It achieved high accuracy (MAE 0.535%, RMSE 0.694%) with minimal overfitting, though performance was lower at intermediate depths. Out-of-sample tests on 31 high-risk dives aligned with observed cases but indicated unaccounted repetitive exposures. Results show the model satisfactorily predicts DCS risk and enables future personalization via loss function adjustments.
15 - Machine learning-based detection of workplace stress using wearable and multimodal data: a systematic literature review - Published by Frontiers
Authors: Luis Fernando Pareja Bernal, Souhir Ben Souissi, and Christoph Golz Workplace stress harms employee wellbeing and productivity, contributing to burnout and turnover. Detecting stress in real-world settings is challenging, but advancements in machine learning, deep learning, and wearable sensors offer promising solutions. This paper reviews 20 studies using these methods to detect stress via physiological, behavioral, and multimodal data, particularly in high-risk professions. While effective, limitations include small sample sizes, lack of dataset diversity, and underutilization of central nervous system signals (e.g., EEG).
Authors: Paul Beatty, Marshall Tumperi, Harrison Nguyen, Danielle Howe, Paul Hage, Robert Wilson, Bryndan Lindsey, Jade Kandel, Brett Collar, Sara Gravelyn, Gregory Fulmer, Kinjal Sethuraman, and Austin Veith Divers face significant physiological hazards with poorly understood mechanisms due to limitations in underwater monitoring technologies. This article introduces a methodology to evaluate a novel physiological sensor for both land-based and underwater use. Human testing was conducted in three environments: dry normobaric, dry hyperbaric, and shallow water immersion. A custom ROS 2-based data acquisition platform enabled synchronized analysis of multiple data streams, offering a scalable framework for validating such sensors.