Scientific papers 2019 - Part A
Authors: Jean-Pierre Imbert, Costantino Balestra, Fatima
Zohra Kiboub, Oyvind Loennechen, & Ingrid Eftedal
Commercial saturation diving involves divers living and
working in an enclosed atmosphere with an elevated
partial pressure of oxygen (ppO2) for weeks. The divers
must acclimatize to these conditions during compression
for up to 28 days until decompression is completed.
During decompression, the ppO2 and ambient pressure
are gradually decreased; then, the divers must acclimatize
again to breathing normal air in atmospheric pressure
when they arrive at the surface. The authors investigated
51 saturation divers’ subjective evaluation of the
saturation and post-decompression phase via
questionnaires and individual interviews. The questions
were about decompression headaches and fatigue and
time before recovering to a pre-saturation state.
Authors: Jean-Pierre Imbert, Salih Murat Egi, Peter
Germonpre, & Costantino Balestra.
The risk of decompression sickness (DCS) after scuba
diving is linked to vascular gas emboli (VGE) present after
surfacing. VGE can be measured using ultrasound
Doppler and echocardiography. However, variations
occur between different divers and the same diver across
dives, potentially influenced by pre-dive conditioning. The
paper proposes a new idea that individual metabolic
processes influence the presence of static metabolic
bubbles, which may lead to circulating VGE after diving.
Authors:
Alain Boussuges, Guillaume Chaumet, Nicolas Vallée,
Jean Jacques Risso & Jean Michel Pontier
Previous studies have suggested that the circulatory
system was involved in the production of circulatory
bubbles after diving. This study was designed to research
the cardio-vascular function characteristics related to the
production of high bubble grades after diving.
Authors: Ali Erdal Gunes, Samil Aktas.
Complete blood count (CBC) is a routine diagnostic
procedure for patients and a part of routine health
inspection for healthy individuals. The effect of hyperbaric
oxygen (HBO2) therapy on CBC is not known.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of
HBO2 on blood parameters in CBC with long-term HBO2
therapy.
Authors: Danilo Cialoni, Andrea Brizzolari, Michele Samaja,
Massimo Pieri, and Alessandro Marroni.
Nitric oxide plays an important role in the physiology and
pathophysiology of diving, and the related endothelial
dysfunction and oxidative stress roles have been
extensively investigated.
The scope of this study is to investigate the Nitrate and
Nitrite concentration and the total plasma antioxidant
capacity before, during and after a single SCUBA dive in
healthy scuba diving volunteers, as well as to look for
evidence of a possible relationship with venous gas
bubble formation.
Authors: Stanisław Skrzynski
In the article the author presents the specificity of
decompression of deep-sea dives in relation to methods
used in underwater works, with particular emphasis on
commercial diving in our country. In the 50 - 90 m depth
zone in the Polish offshore area, decompression was used
in underwater works (works below the depth of 50 m)
based on tables designed for bell diving. The technical,
organizational and formal conditions of these underwater
works corresponded to the national diving potential.
Authors:
Thijs T. Wingelaar, Pieter-Jan A. M. van Ooij, Paul
Brinkman, and Rob A. van Hulst
Exposure to hyperbaric hyperoxic conditions can lead to
pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Although a decrease in vital
capacity has long been the gold standard, newer
diagnostic modalities may be more accurate. In pulmonary
medicine, much research has focussed on volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) associated with inflammation in
exhaled breath. In previous small studies after hyperbaric
hyperoxic exposure several methyl alkanes were identified.
This study aims to identify which VOCs mark the
development of pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
Authors:
T. T. Wingelaar, P. Brinkman , P. J. A. M. van Ooij, R.
Hoencamp, A. H. Maitland-van der Zee, M. W. Hollmann,
and R. A. van Hulst
IAlthough hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has
beneficial effects, some patients experience fatigue and
pulmonary complaints after several sessions. The current
limits of hyperbaric oxygen exposure to prevent
pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT) are based on pulmonary
function tests (PFT), but the limitations of PFT are
recognized worldwide. However, no newer modalities to
detect POT have been established.
This study hypothesized that Volatil Organic Compounds
VOCs might be detected after HBOT.
Authors:
Amir Hadanny, Tal Zubari, Liat Tamir-Adler, Yair Bechor,
Gregory Fishlev, Erez Lang, Nir Polak, Jacob Bergan, Mony
Friedman, and Shai Efrati
This study is also purely medical and is published to
provide information about the role of Circadian rhythms,
which are 24-hour cycles that are part of the body's
internal clock, running in the background to carry out
essential functions which control many biological
processes in the body in both health and disease.
Authors:
Amir Hadanny, Tal Zubari, Liat Tamir-Adler, Yair Bechor,
Gregory Fishlev, Erez Lang, Nir Polak, Jacob Bergan,
Mony Friedman, and Shai Efrati
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of
hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on pulmonary
functions of patients receiving the currently used HBOT
protocol.
Authors: Monika Patel, Arun Dehadaray
Acute otitis externa (AOE) is the inflammation of the
external ear. It usually presents with severe pain in the ear.
The treatment of AOE should aim in relieving pain at the
earliest. Out of the various treatment options, topical
treatment should be considered as prescribing oral
antibiotics without local treatment can cause antibiotic
abuse. Due to unavailability, cost, and compliance issues of
other topical measures,
The authors observed and proved the effectiveness of a
new modality glycerine and povidone-iodine wick in the
treatment of AOE.
Authors: Shrestha K, Shah R, Sapkota S
Otitis externa is a common painful condition presents with
generalized infection of external auditory canal, typically
reveals erythema and edema of the skin. Aural packing
plays an important role in relieving the pain and edema.
For packing either we impregnated with 10% Ichthammol
glycerine or steroid-antibiotic ointment.
Authors:
Brandon W. Lewis, Sonika Patial , and Yogesh Saini
The primary purpose of pulmonary ventilation is to supply
oxygen for sustained aerobic respiration in multicellular
organisms. However, abiotic insults and airborne
pathogens present in the environment are occasionally
introduced into the airspaces during inhalation, which
could be detrimental to the structural integrity and
functioning of the respiratory system.Defective mucociliary
clearance (MCC) is often associated with airway
mucoobstruction, increased occurrence of respiratory
infections, and progressive decrease in lung function in
mucoobstructive lung diseases.
Authors: Ashish Tawar, P. Gokulakrishnan
This review article is of interest to the doctors who face
the dilemma of treating the rare syndrome of DCI that
could present in the clinical spectrum ranging from
itching and minor pain to severe neurological symptoms
or other systemic pathology. The first aid lies in the
administration of 100% oxygen, and definitive treatment is
therapeutic recompression. With appropriate and
adequate treatment, recovery is complete, but some
severe cases may have lifelong residual deficits, even after
extended and multiple recompressions.
Authors:
Erik Hoencamp, Thijs TCF van Dongen , Pieter-Jan AM van
Ooij , Thijs T Wingelaar, Mees L Vervelde, Dave AA Koch,
Rob A van Hulst, Rigo Hoencamp
This paper was a systematic review of human and animal
studies of medications in the hyperbaric environment.
Studies were subdivided into those describing a
medication/hyperbaric environment interaction and those
concerned with prevention of diving disorders. Studies
without a relation to diving with compressed air, and
those concerning oxygen toxicity, hyperbaric oxygen
therapy or the treatment of decompression sickness were
excluded.
Author: David J Doolette
This is a brief document from Doctor Doolette that
provides an update on the current knowledge regarding
gas micronuclei, which are minuscule gas-filled voids
suspended in liquids that are considered the starting point
for bubble formation.
Authors: Tobias Cibis, Alistair McEwan, Arne Sieber,
Bjoern Eskofier, Karl Friedl, & Michael Bennett
This review discusses diving physiology and related
conditions, identifying key physiological parameters for
monitoring.
The authors explored technological solutions, particularly
wearable monitoring technologies, and assessed their
suitability for underwater use. They also reviewed current
safety devices, such as dive computers, focusing on their
decompression models and algorithms. This review
highlights the importance of biomedical monitoring in
diving and encourages further research and development
to improve safety.
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Authors: Justin M. Hintze, Lina Geyer, Conall W. Fitzgerald,
Cristina Simoes Franklin, Fergal Glynn, Laura
Viani, Peter Walshe
The paper provides recommendations based on a study of
complications associated with SCUBA diving in patients
with cochlear implants. This study describes a retrospective
case series and literature review, highlighting specific cases
and the difficulties SCUBA divers face with cochlear
implants. The authors aim to raise awareness about
potential risks and suggest caution and adherence to
safety limits for such patients.
Authors: Geoffrey E. Ciarlone, Christopher M. Hinojo,
Nicole M. Stavitzski, Jay B. Dean
This document comprehensively reviews the central
nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT) associated with
hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy and underwater
activities. It explains the limitations and risks of HBO2
exposure due to CNS-OT, the symptoms and progression
of CNS-OT, the variability in the latent period of safe
oxygen breathing, summarizes current understanding of
the pathophysiology of CNS-OT, highlights conditions that
accelerate seizure onset, and the current strategies and
research for mitigating CNS-OT to enable safer and longer
HBO2 exposures.
Author:
Marion Marlinge, Mathieu Coulange, Richard C. Fitzpatrick,
Romain Delacroix, Alexie Gabarre, Nicolas Lain, Jennifer
Cautela, Pierre Louge, Alain Boussuges, Jean-Claude
Rostain, Regis Guieu, & Fabrice C. Joulia
This scientific study investigated the sources of
physiological stress in different types of diving to compare
the stress responses induced by SCUBA diving, apneic
diving, and dry, static apnea by measuring changes in
stress hormones and cardiac injury markers. It highlights
the conclusion that hypoxia is the primary trigger for stress
responses in apneic activities and suggests the importance
of screening individuals for pre-existing cardiac conditions
before engaging in significant apneic maneuvers.
Authors:
David P. Looney, Edwin T. Long, Adam W. Potter,
Xiaojiang Xu, Karl E. Friedl, Reed W. Hoyt, Christopher R.
Chalmers, Mark J. Buller & John P. Florian
This paper presents the findings of a scientific investigation
into the physiological effects of exercise in extremely warm
water, specifically focusing on core temperature responses
in U.S. Navy divers to highlight the risks of severe
hyperthermia during diving operations in warm water. It
suggests the need for new predictive models to ensure
safety.
Authors:
Magdalena Solich-Talanda, Rafał Mikołajczyk, Robert
Roczniok, Aleksandra Zebrowska
This study investigates the effects of breath-hold training
on the respiratory and circulatory systems in individuals
who practice freediving to assess how breath-hold
techniques impact physiological adaptations and reactions
both at rest and during physical exertion. It presents the
research's methodology, results, and conclusions,
highlighting the benefits of breath-hold training on the
circulatory system and its effects on heart rate and oxygen
saturation.
Authors: Danica C. Slavish, & Yvette Z. Szabo
This paper outlines a research proposal for conducting a
systematic review and meta-analysis on the reliability of
changes in salivary inflammatory biomarkers in response
to acute stress. It details the study's background, methods,
and anticipated outcomes, aiming to update and extend
previous literature, identify best practices, and provide
recommendations for future research in this area.
Authors:
Pierre Lafère, Walter Hemelryck, Peter Germonpré, Lyubisa
Matity, François Guerrero, Costantino Balestra
This study investigated the effects of different oxygen
fractions on cognitive impairment related to inert gas
narcosis (IGN) during diving to determine whether using
enriched air nitrox (EANx) mixtures can reduce cognitive
impairment and improve diving safety. It describes the
research's methodology, results, and conclusions,
highlighting the potential of critical flicker fusion frequency
(CFFF) as a measure of cognitive performance in extreme
environments.
Authors: Ran Arieli
This document presents scientific findings on the
protective effects of helium preconditioning against
decompression illness (DCI) in rats. It summarizes the
results of a study by Zhang et al., which demonstrated
that helium prebreathing increased the survival rate and
reduced the incidence of DCI in experimental rats. It also
explores potential mechanisms for this protective effect,
focusing on the role of nanobubbles and helium's physical
properties compared to other gases like nitrogen and
oxygen.
21 - Immunopathology of Airway Surface Liquid Dehydration Disease
- Published by the Journal of Immunology Research - Wiley
Authors: David P. Looney, Edwin T. Long, Adam W. Potter,
Xiaojiang Xu, Karl E. Friedl, Reed W. Hoyt,
Christopher R. Chalmers, Mark J. Buller, and John
P. Florian
This study investigates how core temperature of U.S. Navy
divers responds to fatiguing exercise in various warm
water temperatures. It highlights that as water
temperature increases from 34.4°C to 38.6°C, the duration
of performance and peak core temperatures decrease,
while the rate of core temperature rise significantly
increases. The findings underscore the risks of
hyperthermia in warmer water conditions, suggesting the
need for new predictive models to enhance safety during
warm water diving operations.
Authors: Leonidas Palaiodimos, & Damianos G. Kokkinidis
The foramen ovale is a crucial fetal blood shunt allowing
oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs, which become
unnecessary and close at birth. However, in about 25% of
adults, it remains open, termed patent foramen ovale
(PFO). While most individuals with PFO are asymptomatic,
it has associations with various health conditions, notably
ischemic stroke due to paradoxical embolism. Recent
randomized clinical trials have shifted views on the
necessity of PFO closure in stroke patients, revealing
significant implications for treatment strategies.
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