Scientific papers 2021
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Next page Next page BUTTON TEXT Previous page 07 - Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression Sickness Secondary to Scuba Diving.
Authors: Kurt Magri, Ingrid Eftedal, Vanessa Petroni Magri, Lyubisa Matity, Charles Paul Azzopardi, Stephen Muscat, and Nikolai Paul Pace. Abstract: Decompression sickness (DCS) develops due to inert gas bubble formation in bodily tissues and the circulation, leading to a wide range of potentially serious clinical manifestations. Its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. In this study, the authors explore changes in the human leukocyte transcriptome in divers with DCS compared to closely matched unaffected controls after uneventful diving.
16 - Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Anna B. Marcinkowska, Natalia D. Mankowska, Jacek Kot, Pawel J. Winklewski. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a modality of treatment in which patients inhale 100% oxygen inside a hyperbaric chamber pressurised to greater than 1 atmosphere. The aim of this review is to discuss neuropsychological findings in various neurological disorders treated with HBOT and to open new perspectives for therapeutic improvement.
03 - Routine chest X-rays are inaccurate in detecting relevant intrapulmonary anomalies during medical assessments of fitness to dive.
Authors: Thijs T. Wingelaa, Leonie Bakker, Frank J. Nap, Pieter-Jan A. M. van Ooij, Edwin L. Endert, and Rob A. van Hulst. Intrapulmonary pathology, such as bullae or blebs, can cause pulmonary barotrauma when diving. Many diving courses require chest X-rays (CXR) or high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) to exclude asymptomatic healthy individuals with these lesions. The ability of routine CXRs and HRCT to assess fitness to dive has never been evaluated.
06 - Shifts in the Oral Microbiota During a Four-Week Commercial Saturation Dive to 200 Meters.
Authors: Roxane Monnoyer, Kjersti Haugum, Jacky Lautridou, Arnar Flatberg, Astrid Hjelde, and Ingrid Eftedal. IDuring commercial saturation diving, divers live and work under hyperbaric and hyperoxic conditions. The myriads of bacteria that live in and on the human body must adjust to the resultant hyperbaric stress. In this study, the authors examined the shifts in bacterial content in the oral cavity of saturation divers, using a metagenomic approach to determine the diversity in the composition of bacterial phyla and genera in saliva from 23 male divers before, during, and immediately after four weeks of commercial heliox saturation diving to a working depth of circa 200 m
09 - Diving Responses in Experienced Rebreather Divers: Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Cold Water Diving.
Authors: Richard V. Lundell, Laura Tuominen,Tommi Ojanen, Kai Parkkola, & Anne Räisänen-Sokolowski Technical diving is very popular in Finland throughout the year despite diving conditions being challenging, especially due to arctic water and poor visibility. Coldwater, immersion, submersion, hyperoxia, as well as psychological and physiological stress, all have an effect on the autonomic nervous system (ANS). To evaluate divers’ ANS responses, short-term (5 min) heart rate variability (HRV) during dives in 2–4 degrees C water was measured. HRV resting values were evaluated from separate measurements before and after the dives. Twenty-six experienced closed circuit rebreather (CCR) divers performed an identical 45-meter decompression dive with a non-physical task requiring concentration at the bottom depth.
10 - Using underwater pulse oximetry in freediving to extreme depths to study risk of hypoxic backout and diving response phases.
Authors: Eric Mulder, Arne Sieber, Erika Schagatay Deep freediving exposes humans to hypoxia and dramatic changes in pressure. The effect of depth on gas exchange may enhance the risk of hypoxic blackout (BO) during the last part of the ascent. The purpose of this study was to investigate arterial oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) and heart rate (HR) in shallow and deep freedives, central variables, which have rarely been studied underwater in deep freediving.
12 - Emergency Medicine Cases in Underwater and Hyperbaric Environments: The Use of in situ Simulation as a Learning Technique.
Authors: Matteo Paganini, Giulia Mormando, Sandro Savino, Giacomo Garetto, Giulia Tiozzo, Enrico M. Camporesi, Fabrizio Fabris, and Gerardo Bosco Hyperbaric chambers and underwater environments are challenging and at risk of serious accidents. Personnel aiming to assist patients and subjects should be appropriately trained, and several courses have been established all over the world. In healthcare, simulation is an effective learning technique. However, there have been few peer-reviewed articles published in the medical literature describing its use in diving and hyperbaric medicine.
14 - The Assessment of Daily Energy Expenditure of Commercial Saturation Divers Using Doubly Labelled Water.
Authors: Sanjoy K. Deb, Eimear Dolan, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Olav Eftedal, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala, and Ingrid Eftedal Commercial saturation divers are exposed to unique environmental conditions and are required to conduct work activity underwater. Consequently, divers’ physiological status is shown to be perturbed, and therefore, appropriate strategies and guidance are required to manage the stress and adaptive response. This study aimed to evaluate the daily energy expenditure (DEE) of commercial saturation divers during a 21-day diving operation in the North Sea.
15 - Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression ickness Secondary to Scuba Diving.
Authors: Kurt Magri, Ingrid Eftedal, Vanessa Petroni Magri, Lyubisa Matity, Charles Paul Azzopardi, Stephen Muscat, and Nikolai Paul Pace. In this study, the authors aim to explore changes in the human leukocyte transcriptome in divers with DCS compared to closely matched unaffected controls after uneventful diving. Cases (n = 7) were divers developing the typical cutis marmorata rash after diving with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of DCS. Controls (n = 6) were healthy divers who surfaced from a ≥25 msw dive without decompression violation or evidence of DCS. Blood was sampled at two separate time points—within 8 h of dive completion and 40–44 h later. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-Sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes and relate their function to biological pathways.
20 - Physiology of repeated mixed gas 100m wreck dives using a closed-circuit rebreather: a field bubble study.
Authors: Costantino Balestra, François Guerrero, Sigrid Theunissen, Peter Germonpré, & Pierre Lafère Purpose: Data regarding decompression stress after deep closed-circuit rebreather (CCR) dives are scarce. This study aimed to monitor technical divers during a wreck diving expedition and provide an insight into venous gas emboli (VGE) dynamics. Methods: Diving practices of ten technical divers were observed. They performed a series of three consecutive daily dives around 100 m. VGE counts were measured 30 and 60 min after surfacing by both cardiac echography and subclavian Doppler graded according to categorical scores (Eftedal–Brubakk and Spencer scale, respectively) that were converted to a simplified bubble grading system (BGS) for the purpose of analysis. Total body weight and fluids shift using bioimpedancemetry were also collected pre and post-dive.
21 - The Circulatory Effects of Increased Hydrostatic Pressure Due to Immersion and Submersion.
Authors: Robert P. Weenink, & Thijs T. Wingelaar. Increased hydrostatic pressure as experienced during immersion and submersion has effects on the circulation. The main effect is counteracting gravity by buoyancy, which results in reduced extravasation of fluid. Immersion in a cold liquid leads to peripheral vasoconstriction, which centralizes the circulation. Additionally, a pressure difference usually exists between the lungs and the rest of the body, promoting pulmonary edema. However, hydrostatic pressure does not exert an external compressing force that counteracts extravasation, since the increased pressure is transmitted equally throughout all tissues immersed at the same level. Moreover, the vertical gradient of hydrostatic pressure down an immersed body part does not act as a resistance to blood flow. The occurrence of cardiovascular collapse when an immersed person is rescued from the water is not explained by the removal of the hydrostatic squeeze, but by sudden reinstitution of the effect of gravity in a cold and vasoplegic subject.
25 - Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?
Authors: Pierre Lafère, Kate Lambrechts, Peter Germonpré, Ambre Balestra, Faye Lisa Germonpré, Danilo Cialoni, Alessandro Marroni, Gerardo Bosco, & Costantino Balestra. Heart rate variability (HRV) during underwater diving has been infrequently investigated because of environmental limitations and technical challenges. This study aims to analyze HRV changes while diving at variable hyperoxia when using an open circuit (OC) air diving apparatus or at constant hyperoxia using a closed-circuit rebreather (CCR). We used HRV analysis in the time and frequency domain adding nonlinear analysis which is more adapted to short- time analysis and less dependent on respiratory rate (Sinus respiratory arrhythmia).
29 - Association Between Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Lung Ultrasound B-Lines After Competitive Deep Breath-Hold Diving.
Authors: Alexander Patrician, Frank Pernett, Angelica Lodin- Sundström, Erika Schagatay. Breath-hold diving (freediving) is an underwater sport that is associated with elevated hydrostatic pressure, which has a compressive effect on the lungs that can lead to the development of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema reduces oxygen uptake and thereby the recovery from the hypoxia developed during freediving, and increases the risk of hypoxic syncope. The authors aimed to examine the blood oxygenation via pulse-oximetry (SpO2), as a tool to detect pulmonary edema by comparing it to lung ultrasonography measurements after deep diving.
30 - Assessment of Alertness and Cognitive Performance of Closed Circuit Rebreather Divers With the Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency Test in Arctic Diving Conditions
Authors: Wilhelm W.  Piispanen, Richard V. Lundell, Laura J. Tuominen, Anne K. Räisänen-Sokolowski. Cold water imposes many risks on the diver. These risks include decompression illness, physical and cognitive impairment, and hypothermia. Cognitive impairment can be estimated using a critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) test, but this method has only been used in a few studies conducted in an open water environment. The authors studied the effect of the cold and a helium- containing mixed breathing gas on the cognition of closed-circuit rebreather (CCR) divers.
31 - Functional Profiling Reveals Altered Metabolic Activity in Divers’ Oral Microbiota During Commercial Heliox Saturation Diving.
Authors: Roxane Monnoyer, Ingrid Eftedal, Astrid Hjelde, Sanjoy Deb, Kjersti Haugum, & Jacky Lautridou. The extreme environment in saturation diving affects all life forms, including the bacteria that reside on human skin and mucosa. The oral cavity alone is home to hundreds of different bacteria. In this study, the authors examined the metabolic activity of oral bacteria from healthy males during commercial heliox saturation diving. They focused on environmentally induced changes that might affect the divers’ health and fitness.
32 - Decompression Illness in Repetitive Breath-Hold Diving: Why Ischemic Lesions Involve the Brain?
Authors: Kiyotaka Kohshi, Petar J. Denoble, Hideki Tamaki, Yoshitaka  Morimatsu, Tatsuya Ishitake, and Frédéric Lemaître Nitrogen (N 2 ) accumulation in the blood and tissues can occur due to breath-hold (BH) diving. Post-dive venous gas emboli have been documented in commercial BH divers (Ama) after repetitive dives with short surface intervals. Hence, BH diving can theoretically cause decompression illness (DCI). “Taravana,” the diving syndrome described in Polynesian pearl divers by Cross in the 1960s, is likely DCI. It manifests mainly with cerebral involvements, especially stroke-like brain attacks with the spinal cord spared. Neuroradiological studies on Ama divers showed symptomatic and asymptomatic ischemic lesions in the cerebral cortex, subcortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, and cerebellum. These lesions localized in the external watershed areas and deep perforating arteries are compatible with cerebral arterial gas embolism.
33 - Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving
Authors: Xiao-Chen Bao, Quan Shen, Yi-Qun Fang, Jian-guo Wu The objective of this study was to explore whether a single deep helium-oxygen (heliox) dive affects physiological function. Forty male divers performed an open-water heliox dive to 80 m of seawater (msw). The total diving time was 280 min and the breathing helium-oxygen time was 20 min. Before and after the dive, blood and saliva samples were collected, and blood cell counts, cardiac damage, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial activation, and hormonal biomarkers were assayed.
34 - Increased Risk of Decompression Sickness When Diving With a Right-to-Left Shunt: Results of a Prospective Single-Blinded Observational Study (The “Carotid Doppler” Study).
Authors: Peter Germonpré, Pierre Lafère, William Portier, Faye-Lisa Germonpré, Alessandro Marroni, and Costantino Balestra. Divers with a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) have an increased risk for decompression sickness (DCS) when diving with compressed breathing gas. The relative risk increase, however, is difficult to establish as the PFO status of divers is usually only determined after a DCS occurrence.
36 - Effects of Cold Decompression on Hemodynamic Function and Decompression Sickness Risk in a Dry Diving Rat Model
Authors: Svein E. Gaustad, Timofei V. Kondratiev, Ingrid Eftedal, Torkjel Tveita. Diving in cold water is thought to increase the risk of decompression sickness (DCS), especially if the diver is cold during decompression. In this study, the authors investigated hemodynamic function and DCS risk in an animal model, where cold decompression was followed by rewarming at the surface.
40 - The Implications of the Diving Response in Reducing Panic Symptoms
Authors: Peter Kyriakoulis, Michael Kyrios, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Rafael C. Freire, & Mark Schier. Increased CO2 sensitivity is common in panic disorder (PD) patients. Free-divers who are known for their exceptional breathing control have lower CO2 sensitivity due to training effects. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of cold facial immersion (CFI), breath- holding, and CO2 challenges on panic symptoms.
42 - Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.
Authors: Thomas Kjeld, Anders Brenøe Isbrand, Katrine Linnet, Bo Zerahn, Jens Højberg, Egon Godthaab Hansen, Lars Christian Gormsen, Jacob Bejder, Thomas Krag, John Vissing, Hans Erik Bøtker, and Henrik Christian Arendrup. The cardiac electrical conduction system is very sensitive to hypoglycemia and hypoxia, and the consequence may be brady-arrythmias. Weddellseals endure brady-arrythmias during their dives when desaturating to 3.2 kPa and elite breath-hold-divers (BHD), who share metabolic and cardiovascular adaptions, including bradycardia with diving mammals, endure similar desaturation during maximum apnea. The authors hypothesized that hypoxia causes brady- arrythmias during maximum apnea in elite BHD. Hence, this study aimed to define the arterial blood glucose (Glu), peripheral saturation (SAT), heart rhythm (HR), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of elite BHD during maximum apneas.
26 - Effect of Water Amount Intake before Scuba Diving on the Risk of Decompression Sickness
Authors: Kil-Hyung Han, Gwang-Suk Hyun, Yong-Seok Jee, & Jung- Min Park This study aimed to investigate the influence of pre- hydration levels on circulating bubble formation for scuba divers and evaluate the appropriate volume of water intake before diving for reducing the risk of decompression sickness. Circulating bubble measurements using doppler were performed before and after a dive of 25 min and a depth of 30 m on twenty scuba divers who were classified into four groups: no-water-intake, 30%- water-intake, 50%-water intake, and 100%-water-intake.
41 - Endothelial Injury in Diving: Atomic Force-, Electronic-, and Light- Microscopy Study of the Ovine Decompressed Blood Vessels
Author: Ran Arieli This study suggests nanobubbles, which appear at the active hydrophobic spots at the luminal aspect of the blood vessels, are the gas micronuclei from which the decompression bubbles evolve, and endothelial injury during the decompression is due to the tearing off of the cell membranes with the detaching bubbles.
08 - Using Underwater Pulse Oximetry in Freediving to Extreme Depths to Study Risk of Hypoxic Blackout and Diving Response Phases.
Authors Eric Mulder, Arne Sieber, & Erika Schagatay Deep freediving exposes humans to hypoxia and dramatic changes in pressure. The effect of depth on the gas exchange may enhance the risk of hypoxic blackout (BO) during the last part of the ascent. This study investigated arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in shallow and deep freedivers, central variables which have rarely been studied underwater in deep freediving.
18 - Oxygen-enriched Air Decreases Ventilation during High-intensity Fin-swimming Underwater
Authors: Fabian Möller, Elena Jacobi, Uwe Hoffmann, Thomas Muth, Jochen D. Schipke. Oxygen-enriched air is commonly used in diving and might affect ventilation and heart rate, but little work exists for applied diving settings. This study hypothesized that ventilation is decreased, especially during strenuous underwater fin-swimming when using oxygen-enriched air as breathing gas.
02 - Effect of Long-Term Diving Exposure on Sleep of Male Occupational Divers in Southern Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wei-Shih Tseng, Nian-Sheng Tzeng, Kung-Hung Lin, Nan-Chieh Huang, Man-Yuan Huang, and Bor-Hwang Kang Divers with a history of decompression sickness may be at high risk for sleep problems. However, limited studies have investigated the relationship between diving exposure and sleep problems of occupational divers. This study investigated the association between diving exposure and sleep quality and quantity among male occupational divers in southern Taiwan.
04 - Breath-hold diving – The physiology of diving deep and returning
Author: Alexander Patrician, Željko Dujic, Boris Spajic, Ivan Drviš, and Philip N. Ainslie. Breath-hold diving involves highly integrative physiology and extreme responses to both exercise and asphyxia during progressive elevations in hydrostatic pressure. With astonishing depth records exceeding 100 m, and up to 214 m on a single breath, the human capacity for deep breath-hold diving continues to refute expectations. The physiological challenges and responses occurring during a deep dive highlight the coordinated interplay of oxygen conservation, exercise economy, and hyperbaric management. In this review, the physiology of deep diving is portrayed as it occurs across the phases of a dive.
35 - Underwater and surface swimming parameters reflect performance level in elite swimmers
Authors: Robin Pla, Gauthier Poszalczyk, Cyrine Souaissia, Fabrice Joulia, and Alexandre Guimard This paper introduces an improving method that can estimate the size of microbubbles in real time. Hence, the measurement data of the liquid volume can be modified according to this method. A microbubble detector based on the pulsed-ultrasound method was studied, including the device structure and the working principle.
43 - A Fast Bubble Detection Method in Microtubes Based on Pulsed Ultrasound.
Author: Yiqing Li, Junwu Wu, Leijie Fu, and Jinju Wang Although the role of underwater phases is well-known, no study has taken an interest in describing and quantifying the distance and time spent in apnea as a condition for optimal performance. This study aimed to investigate the impact of time and distance spent underwater and surface parameters on the swimming performance of elite swimmers. The performances of 79 swimmers in 100-m freestyle were analyzed (short-course).
01 - Feasibility of Detecting Brain Areas Involved in Extreme Breath-Hold Diving.
Authors: Patrice Jissendi-Tchofo, Yassin Jdaoudi, Peter Germonpré, Danilo Cialoni, Andrea Brizzolari, Patrick Musimu, Costantino Balestra. This study hypothesizes that Blood Oxygen Level Dependent signal variations express the functional adaptive diving response under prolonged apnea at rest. That is a preliminary report whose results are promising for large series of investigations.
05 - Lung function changes of divers after single deep heliox diving.
Authors: Xiao-Chen Bao, Yi-Qun Fang, Tao Yang, Yong-jun Sun, Jun Ma, Ji Xu, Nan Wang, Fang-Fang Wang The authors of this paper tested the changes in pulmonary function of divers after 80m, 100m, and 120m heliox dive. They found that single deep heliox diving can cause temporary expiratory and minor airway dysfunction, which can be recovered 24h after diving. This result increases our knowledge of the impact of the diving environment on the body, and corresponding preventive measures should be taken in this regard.
19- European position paper on the management of patients with patent foramen ovale. Part II - Decompression sickness, migraine, arterial deoxygenation syndromes and select high-risk clinical conditions.
Authors: Christian Pristipino, Peter Germonpré, Danilo Toni, Horst Sievert, Bernhard Meier, Fabrizio D’Ascenzo, Sergio Berti, Eustaquio Maria Onorato, Francesco Bedogni, Jean-Louis Mas, Paolo Scacciatella, David Hildick-Smith, Fiorenzo Gaita, Paul A. Kyrle, John Thomson, Genevieve Derumeaux, Dirk Sibbing, Massimo Chessa, Marius Hornung, Jose Zamorano, Dariusz Dudek This interdisciplinary paper, prepared with the involvement of eight European scientific societies, reviews the available evidence and proposes a rationale for decision making for other Patent Foramen Ovale related clinical conditions.
22 - Endothelial Nitric Oxide production and antioxidant response in breath-hold diving: Genetic predisposition or environment related?
Authors: Danilo Cialoni, Andrea Brizzolari, Michele Samaja, Gerardo Bosco, Matteo Paganini, Nicola Sponsiello, Valentina Lancellotti, and Alessandro Marron. Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule modulating the endothelial adaptation during breath-hold diving (BH-diving). This study aimed to investigate changes in NO derivatives (NOx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), searching for correlations with different environmental and hyperbaric exposure.
37 - Aging and its treatment with vitamin C: A comprehensive echanistic review.
Authors: Shumaila Mumtaz, Shaukat Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Syed Akif Raza Kazmi, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Tafail Akbar Mughal, Samaira Mumtaz, Muhammad Summer, Muhammad Adeel Farooq This purely medical document has been selected because it discusses using vitamin C as an antioxidant to combat oxidative stress triggered by reactive oxygen species. As explained in our handbooks, reactive oxygen species are necessary for life. However, they can be involved in cell destruction when produced in excess, which happens when the body is confronted with abnormal situations, such as breathing oxygen at elevated Partial pressure.
38 - Mechanisms of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Stiffening in Mice Revealed by a Functional Genetics Assay of Structural, Functional, and Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Edward P. Manning, Abhay B. Ramachandra, Jonas C. Schupp, Cristina Cavinato, Micha Sam Brickman Raredon, Thomas Bärnthaler , Carlos Cosme Jr., Inderjit Singh, George Tellides, Naftali Kaminski, and Jay D. Humphrey Hypoxia adversely affects the pulmonary circulation of mammals, including vasoconstriction leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressures. The authors established a multi-disciplinary workflow to understand better transcriptional, microstructural, and functional changes of the pulmonary artery in response to sustained hypoxia and how these changes inter-relate.
44 - Nutritional status of patients referred for hyperbaric oxygen treatment; a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study.
Author: Rutger C Lalieu, Ida Akkerman, Peter-Jan AM van Ooij, Annieke A Boersma-Voogd, Rob A van Huls Due to the global rise of obesity, the role of nutrition has gathered more attention. Paradoxically, even overweight persons may be malnourished. This may delay wound healing or recovery of late radiation tissue injury (LRTI). Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) is used to improve wound healing or LRTI complaints. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intake levels of nutrients important for recovery in patients referred for HBOT.
45 - Hydrogen, a Novel Therapeutic Molecule, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis
Author: Yan Tian, Yafang Zhang, Yu Wang, Yunxi Chen, Weiping Fan, Jianjun Zhou, Jing Qiao, and Youzhen Wei Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless and odorless gas. Studies have shown that H2 inhalation has therapeutic effects in many animal studies and clinical trials. Its application has recently been recommended in China's novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment guidelines. H2 is primarily administered via inhalation, drinking H2-rich water, or injection of H2 saline. It may participate in the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and immune system regulation by annihilating excess reactive oxygen species production and modulating nuclear transcription factors.
11 - High Incidence of Barotrauma in Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Michael R. Kahn, Richard L. Watson, Jay T. Thetford, Joseph Isaac Wong, and Nader Kamangar 21% of patients with severe COVID-19 sustained barotrauma (33% of patients receiving Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), 8% of patients receiving Non-invasive ventilation (NIV). There were no differences between the barotrauma and non-barotrauma groups regarding demographics, illness severity, or medications received, nor tidal volume or average/peak airway pressures in those receiving IMV.
27 - Incidence and immediate consequences of electrical shocks among Danish electricians: a cohort study
Authors: Karin Biering, Anette Kærgaard, Ole Carstensen, Kent Jacob Nielsen. This study aimed to monitor exposure to electrical shocks weekly over six months and to determine whether these shocks have short-term, health-related consequences. Its results should be considered for the safety of surface technicians involved in the maintenance of Diving and ROV systems.
24 - Engineering and Medicine in Extreme Environments
Authors: Tobias Cibis & Carolyn McGregor This book overviews the technical and clinical challenges of living and working in extreme environments. It blends the story of physiological and psychological adaptation to harsh environments on Earth and the two final frontiers of space and the undersea world. It also discusses new technologies and the role of artificial intelligence in helping monitor and detect physiologic decompensation, illness, or injury.
28 - Sinus barotrauma in diving
Authors: Oskari H Lindfors, Anne K Räisänen-Sokolowski, Jari Suvilehto, Saku T Sinkkonen Sinus barotrauma while diving is considered to be the consequence of insufficient paranasal sinus ventilation during ambient pressure changes, when either ascending or descending on a dive, or when diving in a multilevel environment. The sinuses most often affected are considered to be the frontal and maxillary sinuses, while involvement of the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses is thought to be less common.
39 - Possible applications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy-narrative review
Authors: Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka, Daria Przybylska, Piotr Siermontowski, Cezary J. Kowalski, Marta Wójciak-Czuła, Andrzej Borzecki Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a method supporting the treatment of many diseases. Oxygen therapy treatments are conducted in hyperbaric chambers, in which patients breathe pure, 100% oxygen with higher than atmospheric pressure. This allows to increase the amount of oxygen supplied to all cells of the body many times over. The treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy enables the patient to recover faster and be fully active, and also reduces the costs of standard treatment.
13 - Pneumothorax in critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection: Incidence, clinical characteristics and outcomes in a case control multicenter study
Authors: Amit Chopra, Ali Hani Al-Tarbsheh , Nidhi J. Shah, Hamid Yaqoob, Kurt Hu, Paul J. Feustel g, Ronaldo Ortiz-Pacheco, Kinner M. Patel, Jozef Oweis, Natalya Kozlova, Spyridon Zouridis, Sahar Ahmad, Oleg Epelbaum, Woon H. Chong, John T. Huggins, Biplab K. Saha i, Edward Conuel, Hau Chieng, Jeannette Mullins, Divyansh Bajaj, Boris Shkolnik, Rachel Vancavage, Nagendra Madisi, Marc A. Judson The authors of this study compared mechanically ventilated patients who developed a pneumothorax with those who did not to determine the incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID- 19 infection who developed pneumothorax.
17 - Diving-related disorders in commercial breath-hold divers (Ama) of Japan
Authors: Kiyotaka Kohshi, Hideki Tamaki, Frédéric Lemaître, Yoshitaka Morimatsu, Petar J Denoble, Tatsuya Ishitake Clinical characteristics of DCI in Ama divers mainly suggest neurological involvement, especially stroke-like cerebraleventswith sparing of the spinal cord. FemaleAma divers achieving deep depths haver arely experienced apanic-like neurosisfrom anxiety disorders. Neuroradiological studies of Ama divers have shown symptomatic and/or asymptomatic ischaemic lesions situated in the basal ganglia, brainstem, and deepand superfi cial cerebral white matter, suggesting arterial insufficiency.
23 - Pneumothorax and barotrauma in invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19
Authors: Alessandro Belletti, Giovanni Landoni, Alberto Zangrillo In their multicenter study, the Authors present incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of pneumothorax in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They found that pneumothorax rate among invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients is 80/594 (13 %), and mortality rate for patients who developed pneumothorax is 50/80 (62 %). On the contrary, among 160 randomly selected invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients without pneumothorax, mortality was 78/160 (49 %).